Clauses and Modifiers

1
Clauses and Modifiers
2
Clauses

• I could not suppress my anger when I read
  about this event.
• (clause)
• ???????????????????????????????????? ??
  ????????????????????
• (?????????)

3

• Their arguments are not wrong but they fail to
  hit home.
• (clause)
• ??????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• (?????????)

4

• If these problems are not properly addressed,
  how can the public be
• (clause)
• asked to forgive the original sins of the
  wealthy?
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ?????????? (?????????)
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????

5
1. Compound noun

• a sanitation worker
• a garbage tricycle
• the business tycoon

• ????????????????
• ????????????/ ???????????
• ???????????/ ???????/ ??????????????????????

6
2. Adjective clause

• ... the woman is a worker who has been cleaning
  the street for 26 years.
• (adjective clause ????????? a worker)
• ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  26 ??
• (adjective clause ????????? ?????)

7
3. Adverb clause

• the rapidly widening wealth gap between
• the rich and poor
• (adverb ???? adjective widening)
• ??????????????????????????? ????????????????
  ???????????? (adjective)
  (adverb ???? adjective)

8

• I could not suppress my anger
• (verb)
• when I read about this event.
• (adverb clause ????????? suppress)
• ?????????????????????? ???????????????????
• (verb) (adverb clause ????????? ????? ...
  ???????)

9
4. Noun clause

• what she said is not true. (noun
  clause) (?????)
• Why he did such a thing to you
• (noun clause)
• is still unclear.
• (?????)

10

• For a while, I even suspected
• that we had returned to the old
• society.
• (noun clause ????????)
• ????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????
  ???????????????????????????
• (noun clause ????????)

11
5. Compound adjective

• A fair - skinned lady
• 1 2 3
• ??????? ??? ???
• 3 2 1
• environmentally friendly farming methods
• 1 2 3
  4
• ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????
  ???????
• 4 3 2
  1
• a hard - line Communist
• 1 2 3
• ??????????? ???????????? ????????????
• 3 2 1

12
6. Participial phrase

• Believing that a person will lose weight if
• he skips breakfast , John stops
• (participial phrase V-ing)
• having the first meal of the day.
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? ????????
• ???????????????????????????????

13

• Often described as the most important book
• of the 19th century ,
• (participial phrase V3)
• On The Origin of Species was to change
• forever mans considerations regarding his
• origins.
• On the Origin of Species ?????????????????????
  ?????????????
• ????????????????????????? 19 ????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????

14

• Having failed as a student of medicine, he
• became a clergyman.
• (participial phrase Having V3)
• ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  

15

• The Peoples Power party supported
• by the majority of people should
• (participial phrase V3)
• always feel confident about its future.
• ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ????????????????????????????????

16
Misrelated participle

• ?????????????????????????????????????
• Advised by the economists,
• (participial phrase)
• the interest rates
• (??????)
• were lowered.

17
7. Absolute phrase

• Agricultural production fell off last year
• because the weather was bad.
• (adverb clause)
• The weather being bad , agricultural
• (absolute phrase)
• production fell off last year.
• ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????

18

• When the aeroplane took off , we could
• (adverb clause)
• see the whole city below us.
• The aeroplane taking off , we could see
• (absolute phrase)
• the whole city below us.
• ???????????????? ?????????????????????????

19

• Since the cages at the zoo are carefully
• (adverb clause)
• designed , the animals cannot get out.
• The cages at the zoo carefully designed ,
• (absolute phrase)
• the animals cannot get out.
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????
• ??????