Experience Miner Training

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Experience Miner Training

• Surface

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Coal Processing Operation

• Raw Coal Storage.
• Silos and Draw-off tunnels.
• Transported by belt to top of plant.
• Channeled through plant during the cleaning
  process by plant operator.
• Clean coal transported out to clean coal silo
  that has feeders.
• Refuse goes to bin to be hauled away by trucks.
• Train Load-out facility at bottom of hill by
  tracks.

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Responsibilities Of
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Mandatory Health and Safety Standards

• Front End Loader Show Tape and discussions.
• Dozers Stock Pile Safety Tapes and Discussions.
• Refuse Truck Show Pre-operational checks and
  discussions.
• Chemicals
• Weather
• People

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Topic of Discussion

• Mine Escape System.
• Equipment
• Scalping Tower
• Prep Plant Buildings
• Escape and Emergency Evacuation Plan
• Exits
• Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Hose
• Firewarning signals and Fire Fighting Procedures.
• Call Security
• 911 system

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Transportation Controls

• Operation of Equipment
• Speed of Equipment
• Weather Conditions
• Road Conditions.
• Controls for Transportation
• Traffic Signs
• Communication Systems, Warning Signals and
  Directional Signs
• Belt Start Up
• Audible and Back Up Horns on Equipment
• Mirrors
• Traffic Flow
• Other Equipment.

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Escapeways, Emergency Evacuation, Firewarning,
and Firefighting

• What to do?

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INTRODUCTION

• Reaction to a fire must occur in the early stages
  of an emergency.
• Effective firefighting depends on your work
  habits
• Judgment
• Ability to react appropriately.

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FIRE PREVENTION

• Best prevention method do not have one.
• Know the location of fire fighting equipment.
• Know how to use the fire fighting equipment.
• Obey NO SMOKING signs.

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FIRE PREVENTION

• Containers must be clearly marked and NO SMOKING
  signs posted for stored.
• Diesel Fuel
• Gasoline
• Other flammable liquids

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FIRE PREVENTION

• FUELING AREAS
• Internal combustion engines shut off.
• Does not include diesels.
• No smoking, open lights.

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FIRE PREVENTION

• Use noncombustible safety containers for
  flammable liquids.
• Discard damaged or leaking containers
• Keep storage areas free of debris, such as
  burnable trash, oily rags, and matches.
• Dont store combustibles near welding and cutting
  equipment.
• Dont discard batteries that could produce heat

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• Never smoke or carry open flames into or around
  storage areas.
• Be sure warning signs are maintained and visible.
• Always obey warning signs.

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FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

• MSHAs Law
• Preparation plants, tipples, drawoff tunnels and
  other surface installations must be equipped with
  portable fire extinguishers sufficient to meet
  any fire hazard that could exist in these
  structures.

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FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

• Preparation plants equipped with waterlines, with
  outlet valves on each floor, and with sufficient
  fire hose to project a water stream to any point
  in the plant.
• Exception Freezing conditions exist or water is
  not available.
• 2,500 square feet of floor space will need 125
  pounds of dry powder extinguisher.

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FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT

• Fire extinguishers provided at
• Mobile equipment
• Portable welding units
• Auxiliary equipment when operated more than 600
  feet that has fire extinguishers
• Permanent electrical installations
• Combustible liquid storage installations.
• Equip carrying flammable liquid additional.

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• Several motors or transformers can be served by a
  single fire extinguisher that can not be placed
  further than 50 feet away from any unit.
• Where welding, cutting or soldering is performed.
• Permanent substations require 2 20 lb.

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IMPORTANT RULES

• Check your work area and know where fire
  extinguishers are kept.
• Always have a used extinguisher replaced.
• Have damaged extinguisher replaced.
• Be sure fire extinguishers are checked and dated
  at least every 6 months.

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WHEN FIRE STARTS

• THE ACTION YOU TAKE IN FIRST FEW MINUTES COULD BE
  THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MINOR AND MAJOR DAMAGE,
  AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH.

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INITIAL ACTION

• FIRST determine what is burning if possible.
• Try to extinguish it
• Warn others in the immediate area.
• Get clear of any area that poses an immediate
  threat getting trapped.
• Contact your supervisor for help.
• Sound an alarm if available.
• If safe, return and keep trying to put out.

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TYPES OF FIRES

• Four categories
• Class A wood, coal fires, burning paper and
  cloth.
• Think Class A as those that leave Ashes
• Water or Dry Chemical used to put out fire.

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TYPES OF FIRES

• Class B Burning flammable liquids, gasoline,
  fuel oils.
• Think Class B as those involving contents that
  will Boil.
• Dry chemical, foam, vaporized liquids (CO2), and
  water fog used to put out this type of fire.

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TYPES OF FIRES

• Class C Electrical fires, electrical motors,
  battery equipment, transformers, circuit
  breakers, and cables.
• Think Class C fires as Current fires.
• Dry chemical and vaporized liquids(CO2) used to
  put put out this type of fire.

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TYPES OF FIRES

• Class D burning metals, magnesium, and sodium.
• Special extinguishers developed for use.
• Should not use normal ABC extinguishers, they
  make matters worse.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER RATING

• Rated for use A-B-C-D.
• For example a 2A 10BC rated fire extinguisher
• Letter represents the type of fire it will put
  out.
• Number will represent size of fire it will put
  out.

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FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUE

• Approach no closer than 6 feet from the fire.
• Grasp the extinguisher firmly and activate.
• Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire and
  squeeze the handle.
• Use a side-to-side sweeping motion to blanket the
  fire.
• BE AWARE of exploding material.
• Watch fire after brought under control.

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Mine Escape System

• Know your exits!
• Plant
• Draw Off Tunnels
• Other Buildings
• Plan In Effect.
• Where to Gather.
• Parking Lot
• Head Count of People.

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Ground Control

• Working safely in areas of water hazards
• Illumination of work areas
• Safe work procedures for miners during hours of
  darkness

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Hazard Recognition

• Recognition of hazards
• Avoidance of hazards

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What is an Accident?

• Unplanned event.
• Personal injury or property damage must result or
  both.
• WILL BE
• Direct Causes unwanted release of energy.
• Indirect Causes Contributing factors.
• Basic Causes Management, Safety Policies not in
  place or not being followed and personal factors.

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How Many Surface Fatalities for 2006?

• Nine Fatalities out of the 47 deaths
• This represents 19.

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FIRST AID AND RESCUE SUPPLIES

• KNOW the location of first aid and EMT kits.
• Tool Room
• Main Portal
• If someone is injured act quickly.
• Notify your supervisor and Plant Control.
• Call 911 and Security at Mine

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Surface First Aid Supplies
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS OF PART 77

• SUPPLIES TO BE KEPT WHERE 10 OR MORE PERSONS
  WORK
• 1 STRETCHER / BROKEN BACK BOARD
• 24 TRIANGULAR BANDAGES
• 8 ea. 4 BANDAGE COMPRESSES
• 8 ea. 2 BANDAGE COMPRESSES
• 12 ea. 1 ADHESIVE COMPRESSES
• BURN REMEDY
• 2 CLOTH BLANKETS
• 1 RUBBER BLANKET OR SUBSTITUTE
• 2 TOURNIQUETS
• SPIRITS OF AMMONIA
• SPLINTING MATERIAL

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Emergency Medical Procedures

• EMERGENCY E-SQUADS
• Beallsville
• Smith Township
• Barnesville
• Powhatan
• LIFE FLIGHT
• Allegheny General
• Call security in the event of an injury.

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FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Obstructed Airways - Causes
Precautions Recognizing FBAO Poor Air
Exchange No Air Exchange The Sub diaphragmatic
Abdominal Thrust (Heimlich Maneuver) Conscious
Victim Unconscious Victim
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Pressure Points
Direct Pressure
Direct Pressure with Elevation
Using an Air Splint
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BRUISE (CONTUSION)
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REST ICE COMPRESSION ELEVATION
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Neck Spinal Injuries

• CARE AND TREATMENT
• ABCs
• Use extreme care in initial examination
  minimal movement
• apply cervical collar
• treat for shock
• treat any other injuries
• maintain body heat
• if movement required, 'log roll' and use
  assistants
• always maintain casualty's head in line with
  the shoulders
• urgent transport

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HEAD INJURIES
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• HEADACHE
• PHYSICAL SIGNS
• LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• CONFUSION
• UNEQUAL / UNRESPONSIVE PUPILS
• PARALYSIS

• LOSS OF SENSATION
• IMPARED VISION
• NAUSEA
• CHANGING RESPIRATION PATTERNS
• SIEZURES

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CARE OF
HEAD INJURIES

• STABILIZE HEAD
• MAINTAIN AIRWAY
• KEEP PATIENT STILL
• CONTROL BLEEDING
• DRESS OPEN WOUNDS

• CARE FOR SHOCK
• PROVIDE OXYGEN
• MONITOR VITALS
• MONITOR LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• BE PREPARED FOR VOMITING

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BONE OR JOINT INJURIES
BRUISING PAIN SWELLING
DEFORMITY TENDERNESS GRATING
EXPOSED BONE ENDS JOINT LOCKED IN POSITION
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Must be a straight line break
Can be formed to shape of deformity
Splints
Be careful of temperature change
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CONTROL ANY BLEEDING APPLY A STERILE DRESSING
CUT AWAY CLOTHING TO EXPOSE THE INJURY
STABILIZE THE LIMB AND ASSESS
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BANDAGE THE WOUND
SECURE THE LIMB TO THE SPLINT
PAD THE SPLINT
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APPLYING AN AIRSPLINT
INFLATE THE SPLINT BY MOUTH ONLY
PLACE THE SPLINT ON THE LIMB
CHECK TO MAKE SURE SPLINT IS NOT OVER-INFLATED
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DRESSING - covers the wound.
BANDAGE - Holds a dressing in place.
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Lifting Techniques
Two person carry
4 person straddle
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Health

• Noise
• Review Noise Law and 62.180 training
• Dust
• Review purpose and requirements.
• MSDS
• Review chemicals and Hazcom program.

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NOISE

• Rock concerts and Mining Operations have in
  common both can produce sounds at level that
  can permanently damage your hearing.
• Intensity of sound is the pressure that is made
  when sound is produced.
• Loud noises are with a lot of pressure.
• Soft noises are with little pressure.

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62.101 Definitions

• Action Level TWA8 of 85 dBA or dose of 50
• Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) TWA8 of 90 dBA
  or dose of 100
• Reportable Hearing Loss an average of 25 dB or
  more shift at 2, 3, and 4 Hertz in either ear
• Standard Threshold Shift (STS) an average of 10
  dB or more shift at 2, 3, and 4 Hertz in either
  ear

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62.120 Action Level (AL)

• With MSHA accepting a 2 decibel error
• 87 dBA TWA8, or 66 dose, if noise survey
  indicates 66 dose or more then
• Miner must be enrolled in Hearing Conservation
  Program (HCP) when noise exposure equals or
  exceeds AL
• Wearing of hearing protectors is voluntary when
  in the Action Level but recommended

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62.130 Permissible Exposure Level (PEL)

• Over 92 dBA TWA8, or over 132 dose
• No adjustment for use of hearing protectionbut
  hearing protection is mandatory if PEL is
  exceeded until engineering and administrative
  controls are implemented
• Old rule allowed adjustment for wearing hearing
  protection devices.

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62.130 PEL (cont.)

• Feasible engineering and administrative controls
  required when PEL exceeded
• Administrative controls must be posted and copy
  provided to affected miner
• Mine operator must continue to use EA controls
  even if they do not reduce noise exposure to PEL
• 115 dBA maximum sound level not to exceed 15
  minutes during any shift / noise survey

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62.140 Dual Hearing Protection Level (DHPL)

• 107 dBA TWA8, or 1046
• Must take actions required for noise exposures
  exceeding PEL
• Dual hearing protection must be provided and worn
  if level exceeded

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62.110 Noise Exposure Assessment

• Performance based standard, sampled for entire
  shift - 8 hrs, 10 hrs, or 12 hrs (normal work
  day).
• Mine operator must establish a system of
  monitoring to ensure compliance with rule
• Operator must meet requirements specified for
  determining miners noise dose

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62.110 Noise Exposure Assessment (cont.)

• Cannot adjust for hearing protector worn
• Must assess miners noise exposure over his/her
  full work shift

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62.110 Noise Exposure Assessment (cont.)

• Miners and their representative have right to
  observe monitoring (no pay required)
• Mine operator must notify miner of exposure at or
  above AL, above PEL, and above DHPL
• Notification must be in writing and given to
  miner within 15 days of determination
• Copy must be kept as long as miner is exposed at
  or above AL, plus 6 months

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62.150 HearingConservation Program (HCP)

• Miner must be enrolled if exposure at or above
  action level
• HCP must include System of Monitoring
  62.110 Hearing Protectors 62.160 Audiometric
  Testing 62.170 - 62.175 Training
  62.180 Recordkeeping 62.190

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62.160 Hearing Protectors

• Mine operator must provide to miners whose
  exposure equals or exceeds AL
• Miner must wear at or above AL when - STS
  found or, - more than 6 mo. before miner can
  receive baseline audiogram
• Miner must wear above PEL DHPL

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62.160 Hearing Protectors (cont.)

• Mine operator must provide a selection of HPs
  including at least two muff and two plug types
• Must ensure HP is fitted, in good condition,
  maintained per manufacturers instructions
• Provide replacements at no cost to miner
• Permit additional selection when medical
  pathology warrants

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62.180 Training

• Within 30 days of enrollment in HCP, and every 12
  months thereafter, miner must be trained in
• effects of noise on hearing
• purpose and value of wearing HPs
• advantages/disadvantages of HPs
• care, fitting and use of HPs
• general requirements of Part 62
• operator/miner responsibilities re. Controls
• purpose and value of audiometric testing

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62.170 Audiometric Testing

• Provided at no cost to the miner
• Voluntary on part of miner
• Audiometric tests to be conducted by
• a physician
• an audiologist
• a qualified technician under direction of
  physician or audiologist

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62.170 Audiometric Testing (cont.)

• Must be offered to each miner enrolled in HCP
  (may use existing audiogram if it meets 62.171)
• Baseline audiogram offered and provided within 6
  mo. of enrollment in HCP (12 mo. if mobile test
  van used)
• Quiet period - No workplace noise exposure for 14
  hours prior to baseline audiogram
• May substitute hearing protection for quiet period

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62.170 Audiometric Testing (cont.)

• Annual audiogram - must be offered every 12 mo.
  for as long as miner in HCP
• Annual audiogram must be deemed a revised
  baseline when
• Standard Threshold Shift (STS) is permanent, or
• significant improvement in hearing over baseline
  audiogram

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62.171 Audiometric Test Procedures

• Mine operator must compile an audiometric test
  record for each miner tested, including
• name and job classification of miner
• copy of all miners audiograms
• evidence audiograms conducted using
  scientifically valid procedures
• any exposure determinations under 62.110
• results of follow-up exams (if any)

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62.171 Audiometric Test Procedures (cont.)

• Mine operator must maintain audiometric test
  record for the duration of the miners
  employment, plus at least 6 months
• Must make records available to authorized
  representative of the Secretary

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62.172 Evaluation of Audiograms

• Mine operator must
• inform audiogram evaluator of Part 62
  requirements and provide test records
• have physician, etc. determine audiograms is
  valid
• determine occurrence of STS (10 dB shift) or
  reportable hearing loss (25 dB shift)
• obtain results/interpretation within 30 days

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62.172 Evaluation of Audiogram (cont.)

• Mine operator
• shall have retest conducted within 30 days when
  audiogram is invalid
• may have retest conducted within 30 days to
  confirm STS or reportable loss and may use retest
  as the annual audiogram
• may have results adjusted for aging, tables and
  procedures provided
• adjustment for aging must be applied to both
  baseline and annual audiograms

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62.173 Follow-up Evaluation when an Audiogram
is Invalid

• If a valid audiogram cannot be obtained due to
  suspected medical pathology caused or aggravated
  by noise exposure or wearing HPs, operator shall
• refer miner for clinical evaluation
• instruct evaluator to inform miner of results
• instruct evaluator of confidentiality

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62.174 Follow-up Corrective Measures

• Within 30 days of confirmed STS operator must
• retrain the miner per 62.180
• allow selection of a new or different HP
• review effectiveness of engineering and/or
  administrative controls to identify and correct
  any deficiencies

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62.175 Notification of Results reporting
requirements

• Within 10 days of receiving audiogram or
  follow-up results, operator must notify miner in
  writing of- results including STS or a
  reportable loss- the need and reason for any
  further testing or evaluation
• Reportable hearing loss - must be reported to
  MSHA under 30 CFR Part 50

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62.180 Training

• effects of noise on hearing
• purpose and value of wearing HP
• advantages/disadvantages of HP
• care, fitting and use of HP
• operator/miner responsibilities regarding
  controls
• purpose and value of audiometric testing

The 4 Ps of occupational hearing loss Its
permanent, painless, progressive and preventable.
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62.190 Records

• Mine operator must provide access to authorized
  representatives of Secretaries of Dept. of Labor
  and Dept. of Health and Human Services for all
  records required under Part 62

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62.190 Records (cont.)

• Mine operator must within 15 days of written
  request
• provide access to miner or miners designee (with
  written consent) for all records maintained under
  Part 62 for that miner
• provide access to miners representative
  designated under Part 40 for training records or
  notice of exposure determination
• provide access to former miner, for records which
  indicate his or her own exposure

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62.190 Records (cont.)

• When a person with access to records requests a
  copy of a record, the first copy will be at no
  cost to that person, and any additional copies
  requested must be provided at reasonable cost

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62.190 Records (cont.)

• When ceasing business, mine operator must
  transfer records to successor operator
• Successor operator must receive and maintain
  records per standard
• Successor operator shall use baseline, or revised
  baseline audiograms obtained by original operator
  to determine STS or reportable hearing loss

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RESPIRABLE DUST

• BLACK LUNG
• Long periods of time, a miner who is exposed to
  respirable coal dust suspended in the air can
  develop diseases.
• Only detected by X-rays.
• Takes about 15 years for disease to progress to
  a point that permits diagnosis.

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RESPIRABLE DUST

• QUARTZ
• Silicosis Dust consumption, miners asthma.
• It is the type that claims the largest number of
  victims.
• Rock dust in the air.

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DUST CONTROL MEASURES

• Two methods commonly used to control dust at its
  source.
• Water
• Calcium and watering of haulroads.

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RESPIRATORY DEVICES

• FACTS AND OBJECTIVES

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Training Requirements

• Physical and Health Hazards of chemicals
• HazCom program, Labeling Systems, MSDSs,
  Obtaining hazard information
• Location and availability of written HazCom
  program
• Where hazardous materials are located
• How to detect and protect from hazardous chemical
  exposure

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Hazard Determination You must...

• Identify the chemicals at the mine.
• Determine if they can be a physical or health
  hazard.
• Physical Hazards can cause injuries. The chemical
  may be a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, an
  organic peroxide, or an oxidizer. It may be
  flammable, explosive, unstable (reactive) or
  water-reactive.
• Health Hazards can cause illnesses. The effects
  may be acute (of short duration) where symptoms
  often appear immediately, or chronic (of
  persistent duration) where symptoms usually
  appear after some time.

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Our HazCom Program Includes

• General Company Policy
• Hazard Determination
• Labeling
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
• Training
• Chemical Lists
• Contractor Work

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Basics of Warning Labels

• A label is a notice affixed to a container that
  provides information about the contents inside
  the container.
• When the contents of the container are classified
  as a hazardous substance a label should be
  provided.

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Basic Information on a Warning Label

• The name of the chemical substance in the
  container that can be cross referenced to an
  MSDS.
• A hazard warning that describes the physical and
  health hazards of the substance in the container.
• The name, address and phone number of the
  manufacturer.

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Physical and Health Hazard Information

• A common form of listing physical and health
  hazards involves the use of a color scheme
• Red - Fire Hazard
• Blue - Health Hazard
• Yellow - Reactivity Hazard
• White - Special Hazard Directions

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There is a numerical rating system for each
category to describe the degree of seriousness.

• Zero (0) - Minimal Hazard
• One (1) - Slight Hazard
• Two (2) - Moderate Hazard
• Three (3) - Serious Hazard
• Four (4) - Extreme Hazard

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Chemical Labeling Systems

• American National Standards Institute
• ANSI Z129.1
• Precautionary Labeling for Hazardous Materials

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FIRE HAZARD (FLASH POINTS)
HEALTH HAZARD
SPECIFIC HAZARD
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Hazardous Material Code ID
Health Flammable Reactive
Recommended Protection Susceptibility to Burning Susceptibility to Energy Release
4 Special full Protection suit and breathing apparatus must be worn Very Flammable May detonate under normal conditions
3 Full protection suit and breathing apparatus should be worn Ignites under normal temperature conditions May detonate with shock or heat
2 Breathing apparatus with full face mask should be worn Ignites with moderate heating Violent chemical change but does not detonate
1 Breathing apparatus may be worn Ignites when preheated No stable if heated use precautions
0 No precautions necessary Will not ignite Normally stable
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Chemical Labeling Systems

• Chemical labeling is most effective when used in
  conjunction with
• - Material Safety Data Sheets
• - Training on Safe Handling of Chemicals
• - and HazCom!

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What is a Material Safety Data Sheet?

• The MSDS is a detailed information bulletin
  prepared by the manufacturer or importer of a
  chemical that describes the physical and chemical
  properties, physical and health hazards, routes
  of exposure, precautions for safe handling and
  use, emergency and first-aid procedures, and
  control measures.

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What to Do?

• If you get into a chemical substance and you do
  not know what to do, contact plant operator
  giving them the product name information.
• Master MSDS sheets are filed by product name not
  manufacturer.
• They can guide you or your co-worker through the
  treatment.

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Health and Safety Aspects of Tasks.

• Working inside the plant
• Working off extension ladders, man lifts, or
  above heights greater than 6-feet.
• Safety harness and lanyards.
• Electric Hands tools and extensions cords.
• No locking device for trigger
• 1st floor ceiling nuclear gauges.
• Safe unless they fall off ceiling, exit building.
• Removing guards
• Equipment locked out from movement and plant
  operator notified.
• Working on electrical equipment.
• Locked out and tagged at MCC room.
• Hazardous chemicals.
• Master file for MSDS sheets.

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Operating Equipment

• Pre-Operational checks
• Back up horns
• Have mirrors adjusted and clean
• Audible horn
• Wear Seat belts
• Proper working brakes
• Drive according to the conditions of the roadway
• Be a defensive driver.
• Any item that affects the safe operation of the
  equipment must be removed from service
• Overhead power lines.

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This shows a 6 foot person on each side, and in
front of a large haul truck.
Visibility
101
The operator looking out the right side will not
see a person closer than 70, less than 9 out
the left side, and less than 40 in front of the
truck.
Visibility
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Visibility
The operator looking out the right side will not
see the ground closer than 105, less than 16
out the left side, and less than 62 in front of
the truck.
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The black pick-up is parked about 65 in front of
the haul truck. If it was about 6 closer the
operator probably would not be able to see it.
Visibility
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Close Call Incident

• While waiting to get another load the entire
  refuse bin tore loose from the mounting and fell
  into the empty truck.
• Could not get the attention of another co-worker
  in the area and after 95 minutes of laying there
  crawled to get help.

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Powered Haulage 2003

• Van was being used to transport material to work
  sites. Van approached from the haul trucks right
  side and stopped immediately in front of the haul
  truck to drop off supplies.

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2003 Fatal Powered Haulage

• 59 year old truck driver with 25 years exp.
• Backed over a spoil pile dumping point.
• Truck rolled 166 feet and struck a adjacent
  highwall. The dumping point was not provided
  with a berm.

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2003 Fatal

• 36 Year old miner
• 4 years experience
• Using two pickups to assist moving the power
  cable for an electric shovel that was being
  repositioned.
• Metal hook broke loose from hitch coming thru
  window of truck.

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2004 Fatal Powered Haulage

• January 22nd.
• 29 Year old labor.
• Surface area of a underground coal mine.
• Watering down roadways and collided with the
  canopy of a longwall shield stored in the supply
  yard.
• No protective cab or canopy.

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Dozer Operation

• Pre-operational checks.
• No walking on stockpile above a reclaiming
  operation.
• Communication very important.
• SCSRs provided.
• E-stop provided for feeders.
• Stockpile work most dangerous.

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Close Calls

• Dozer operator traveled across a feeder to do
  some clean up work.
• As he traveled back across he noticed the
  indicator light on that showed the feeder
  running.
• The dozer fell into the hole.

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Close Call Incident

• Plant using 2 feeders. Plant opr. increased the
  flow to one of the feeders.
• The dozer opr. was pushing coal away to allow for
  more coal storage.
• The dozer fell into the 4 feeder backwords

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Close Calls

• Dozer was being operated over the No. 3 feeder on
  the raw coal pile when the coal underneath the
  dozer collapsed.
• The dozer sank backwards and was engulfed in the
  void of the feeder.

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Best Practices

• Know associated dangers.
• Indicate location of feeder points
• Establish system of communications.
• Never push coal into an active feeder until a
  cone begins to form on the surface of the pile
  and always push perpendicular to the cone.
• If cone does not appear on a operating feeder,
  take corrective action to eliminate the void.
• High strength glass or guards over windows.
• Know the approximate diameter of a possible void
  verses height of the coal.
• Have a operational cap lamp in cab and SCSR.

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SCSRs

• Donning Technique for Dozer Operators

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CSE SR-100 RESCUER
open activate, mouthpiece , noseclip
seal damage
daily
do not remove
comes before smoke
60 minutes
once
25 feet
foot on strap
10 years
blue
5 - 6 hours
none kept
remove before donning
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THE 3 3 DONNING PROCEDURE KNEEL LOOP 3
CRITICAL STEPS 3 SECONDARY STEPS
DAILY CHECKS COLOR DOTS SEAL AREAS FOR
DAMAGE PHYSICAL CONDITION (STRAP)
1) Remove unit from storage box and place on
lap. 2) Turn on caplight, flashlight or dome
light. 3) Unlatch band by pulling strap, remove
top bottom lids. 4) Loop neck strap over
head. 5) Unfold breathing bag and locate orange
tab. 6) Pull tab to rotate lever thru 90 degrees
and puncture small oxygen cylinder to
initially inflate bag. 7) Immediately remove
mouth plug, insert mouthpiece, and exhale
through mouthpiece into unit. 8) Apply the nose
clip and breath normally. 9) Adjust the neck
strap. 10) Put on the goggles 11) Clip on waist
strap. 12) Breath through unit until rescue, if
needed another SCSR Is provided for additional
time.
90 DAY SHAKE TEST Performed to detect any
movement of solids within the CSE SR-100
119
CONVEYOR SAFETY
A CONVEYOR TRAVELING 600 FPM IS 6.8 MPH, OR 10
FPS. SINCE THE AVERAGE REACTION TIME IS 1/2
SECOND, A PERSON WOULD BE PULLED INTO THE MOVING
BELT 5 FEET BEFORE THEY WOULD START TO REACT!

• Pull Cords along entire length of belt.
• Stop/Start Control Flag System Explain
• Warning on Start Up
• Proper Method of Working on Belts - Explain

Don't get caught in the act !!
120
MSHA Law

• Surface

121
Certified Person

• Certain examinations and tests are required to be
  made by a certified person.
• Who are certified persons
• Person holding a state surface foreman papers.
• Who is qualified by MSHA

122
Methane Examinations

• Once during the each operating shift.
• Immediately prior to any repair work in which
  welding or an open flame is used, or a spark may
  be produced.
• Draw-off-tunnels of the raw and clean coal.
• 1 or more, adjustments to the air must be made
  at once.

123
What you need to know about CH4

• Methane is lighter than air.
• Specific gravity is .555
• Found near top in draw off tunnels, bins or
  confined spaces.
• Methane is explosive between 5-15.
• Will it ignite at a lower percentage?
• When are you required to examine for CH4?
• What do you do if a certain is found?

124
102 LED METHANE DETECTOR
TENTHS
WHOLE NUMBERS
DECIBEL
CHECKS DOWN OUTSIDE BEFORE TAKING
UNDERGROUND VISUAL EXAMINATION BATTERY CHECK
(3.4) OR MORE ELECTRICAL ZERO CHECK (0.0 OR 0.1)
125
ELECTRICAL ZERO AND TEST BUTTON
CHARGING JACK
126
ELECTRICAL ZERO TEST
127
HOLD BOTH BUTTONS AT SAME TIME FOR BATTERY CHECK
METHANE SENSOR
128
BATTERY TEST
129
COAL DUST

• COAL DUST must not be allowed to accumulate to
  dangerous amounts.
• Coal dust in the air of, or in, or on the
  surfaces of, structures, enclosures, or other
  facilities.

130
OVERHEAD HOISTING

• Overhead repairs are being made, adequate
  protection shall be provided.
• For persons working or passing below this above
  area.
• Method we will use
• Chains strung across opening with danger signs.
• Remove after use.

131
Hoisting of Materials

• Hitches and slings suitable for handling the type
  of materials being hoisted.
• People shall stay clear of hoisted loads.
• Taglines shall be attached to hoisted material
  that require steadying or guidance.

132
WALKWAYS

• Safe means of access shall be provided and
  maintained to all working places.
• Clear of material and other stumbling or slipping
  hazards.
• Inclined areas Nonskid material or equipped
  with cleats.
• Kept clear of snow, ice, salted, sanded ASAP.
• Provided with handrails and where necessary toe
  boards.
• Crossovers or unders provided to cross conveyors.

133
LADDERS

• Maintained in good condition.
• Wooden members of ladders not painted.
• Fixed location vertical ladders Provided with
  back guards.
• Not allowed to incline backwards.
• Anchored securely.

134
ILLUMINATION

• Adequate sufficient lighting to be provided in
  and on all surface
• pathways,
• structures,
• stairways,
• switch panels,
• loading and dumping sites,
• working areas.

135
Storage of Materials

• Shall be stored and stacked in a manner to
• Minimize stumbling or fall-of-material hazards.
• Materials that can create hazards if the material
  was spilled be minimize the danger.
• Hazardous materials stored in containers approved
  and labeled.

136
Storage of Materials

• Compressed and liquid gas cylinders shall be
  stored in safe manner.
• Valves on compressed gas cylinders shall be
  protected by covers when being transported or
  stored, and
• By a safe location when the cylinders are in use.

137
Surge and storage piles

• No person shall be permitted to walk or stand
  immediately above a reclaiming area or in any
  other area at or near a surge or storage pile
  where the reclaiming operation may expose him to
  a hazard.

138
Draw-Off-Tunnels

• Ventilated.
• Methane below 1
• Use of fans if needed.
• Provided with escapeways.
• Keep cleaned.

139
Safeguards/Mech. Equip.

• Gears, sprockets, chains, drive, head, tail and
  take-up pulleys, flywheels, couplings, shafts,
  saw blades, fan inlets, and similar exposed
  moving machine parts.
• Overhead belts guarded if whipping action could
  be hazardous to people below.
• Guards on specific areas of belts extend a
  distance to prevent a person reaching behind.
• Guards shall be secured in place being operated.

140
Stationary Grinding Machines

• Peripheral hoods capable of withstanding the
  force of a bursting wheel.
• Adjustable tool rests set as close as practical
  to the wheel.
• Safety washers
• Grinding wheels according to specifications
• Face shields or goggles worn when operating the
  grinding wheel.

141
Hand-held power tools

• Be equipped with controls requiring constant hand
  or finger pressure to operate the tools or shall
  be equipped with friction or other equivalent
  safety devices.
• Required grounding if not double insulated.

142
Machinery/Equip Operation and Maintenance

• Safe operating condition
• If unsafe, removed from service immediately
• Section 77.404
• Repairs, Maintenance not performed until the
  power is off and machinery is blocked against
  motion.
• Not lubricated while in motion where a hazard
  exists, unless equipped with extended fittings.

143
Performing work raised position

• Not permitted to work on or from a piece of
  mobile equipment in a raised position until it
  has been blocked in place securely.
• No work under machinery or equipment that has
  been raised until securely blocked in position.

144
Welding Operations

• Welding operations shall be shielded.
• Well ventilated
• Go over mine policy pertaining to surface.

145
Mobile Equipment Warning Devices

• Mobile Equipment such as front-end loaders,
  forklifts, tractors, graders, and trucks.
• Audible alarm when put in reverse.
• Alarms shall be audible above surrounding noise
  levels.
• Maintained in operational condition.
• Strobe light set up for reverse can be used at
  night.

146
Electrical - General

• Power circuits and electric equipment shall be
  de-energized before work is done on such circuits
  and equipment
• Except for trouble shooting.
• Inspected monthly by a Qualified Person.
• Insulated mats or other in place at switchboards
  and power control switches where shock hazard
  exist, such as fuse boxes, knife blade switches,
  and disconnect boxes.

147
High Voltage Power lines

• Minimum vertical clearance.
• Booms and masts be kept at least the min.
• 69-114,000 volts Min. 12 feet
• 115-229,000 volts Min. 15 feet
• 230-344,000 volts Min. 20 feet
• 345-499,000 volts Min. 25 feet
• 500,000 or more Min. 35 feet

148
ID of Equipment

• Circuit breakers and disconnecting switches shall
  be labeled to show which units they control
• Unless identification can be made readily by
  location.

149
FIRE PROTECTION

• Fire fighting facilities and equipment shall be
  provided where fire hazards exists.
• People instructed and trained annually in use.
• Plan to follow in an event of a fire.
• Waterlines provide 50 gpm at 50 psi.
• Prep. Plant equipped with outlets on each floor
  and firehose water to reach all areas.

150
Fire Protection Cont.

• Provided with Fire extinguishers at
• Mobile equipment.
• Permanent electrical installations.
• Two fire extinguishers shall be provided at
• Liquid storage station
• Transfer pump of buried liquid storage tank
• Where welding, cutting is being performed.

151
Miscellaneous

• Communications shall be provided for anyone
  working alone where a hazardous condition exists
  unless he/she can be heard, seen, or communicate.
• Provide emergency transportation.
• Provide first aid training.
• Provide first aid equipment.

152
Miscellaneous

• PROTECTIVE CLOTHING WORN
• Welding or burning.
• Working with chemicals.
• Gloves where injury to the hand/fingers
• Hard hat
• Protective footwear.
• Snug fitting clothing.

153
Protective Clothing

• Safety belts and lines where danger exists of
  falling.
• 2nd person tending the line if work required over
  bins, tanks, or other dangerous areas entered.
• Lifejackets or belts where danger of falling into
  water exists.
• Seatbelts in mobile equipment.

154
Protective Clothing

• Different colored hardhat to indicate
  inexperienced Red
• Must be worn for a period of 1 year of experience
  on the surface.

155
BACK SAFETY

• LOCK IT IN

156
Scope of the Problem

• Eight out of 10 Americans will experience a
  painful back episode some time during their
  lifetime.
• There are over 350,000 spinal surgeries performed
  every year for ruptured discs and related
  problems.

• Back pain ranks 2nd only to
  upper respiratory infections in terms
  of lost work days for workers in the U.S.

157
Scope of Problem

• Every day there are more than 10 million
  Americans seeking relief from back related
  symptoms.
• Annual price tag for loss productivity and
  disability due to back pain is estimated at
  50-100 billion dollars. (Direct Costs)

158
Scope of Problem

• Back pain has increased by 168, 14 times faster
  than population growth.
• Every 4.5 seconds someone in American industry
  incurs a back injury.
• Average cost of medical care for each occurrence
  is 15,000 dollars.

159
Scope of Problem

• 50 of all back injuries are most likely caused
  by improper lifting.
• Men ages 25-35 are the most common work group to
  develop back problems.
• Up to 33 of all disabling work-related injuries
  are back injuries.
• Accounts for 40 of all workers compensation
  costs.

160
Risk Factors for Back Injury

• Lifting Improperly Not lifting, but improper
  lifting is the problem.
• Sitting Too long a period, poor posture, no
  low back support.
• Smoking People that smoke required back
  surgery 2-3 times more frequently than
  non-smokers. Smokers are at high risk for
  degenerative disk disease.

161
Risk Factors for Back Injury

• Poor Nutrition To much fast food.
• Stress Tense muscles cause lack of
  flexibility.
• Lack of Exercise/Fitness Program Try 30
  minutes of exercise 3-4 times a week.

Dont be a Couch Potato
162
Physiology

• Spine has three natural curves and was intended
  to function in the upright position while
  sitting, lifting, pushing, pulling and lying
  down.
• Everyones responsibility to care for themselves.

163
5 Reasons for Locking the Back In

• Prevent Damaged Discs
• Maintain low disc pressure
• Protect the ligament system
• Use back muscles properly
• Use Olympic model for lifting

164
What Should We Do?

• Exercise by
• Stretching what is tight and strengthen what is
  weak.
• Standing Back Bends
• Press-ups
• Knee to Chest
• Partial Sit-ups (crunches)

165
What Can We Do?

• Proper Rest Positions
• Choosing a Bed
• Ergonomics
• Start Lifting Properly
• Task Analysis
• Accident Report Analysis
• Equipment Design
• Know Your Physical Capacity

166
POSTURE

• We must change poor posture
• Its involved in every activity we perform
• Sitting
• Bending
• Lifting
• Pushing
• Pulling
• Lying down

167
MUSCLES

• Four layers of intertwining abdominal and back
  muscles.
• Act as movers for the spine.
• Protects and stabilizes it.
• Locking in the back draws on these back and
  abdominal muscles to help lock the spine.

168
MUSCLES

• They are movers and stabilizers.
• Assists in blood movement.
• Heating the body.
• FATIGUE
• Increased probability of having an injury
  occurs.
• Muscle fatigue while doing repetitive tasks
• Lack of rest for the muscles
• What we eat feeds our muscles?

169
NERVES

• Radiate from the spinal column.
• Will be compressed by bulged discs.
• Typically will cause pain radiating down the legs
  (lumbar damage), or neck and shoulder pain
  (cervical damage) .
• May cause muscle spasms.

170
VERTEBRAE

• Function of support and protection.
• Supports the head and trunk
• Allows movement in three planes of motion
  through a system of
• Muscles
• Levers (bones)
• Joints
• Ligaments

171
VERTEBRAE

• PROTECTS
• Spinal Cord
• Nerve Roots
• Blood Vessels
• Absorbs stress shock
• Attachment for the discs

172
VERTEBRAE

• 7 cervical neck region allows a great deal
  of motion.
• 12 thoracic middle back as they descend
  little motion occurs because of rib attachment.
• 5 lumbar largest of the vertebrae little
  motion.
• 1 sacrum acts as a solid base for spine to sit
  upon.

173
BACK LIGAMENT
FRONT LIGAMENT

• Runs entire front of the spine.
• Thick and powerful ligament.
• Reinforces the front wall of the disc.
• Weak stomach muscles put extra load on the
  ligament (pot belly).

• Runs the entire length of the spine.
• Covers back of the spine.
• Thins as it descends to thread-like.
• At normal position with the three curves.
• Concentration of nerve fibers making it
  sensitive to being stretched or added pressure
  put on it.

174
Disc

• Cartilage Rings
• Jelly fluid center.
• Disc is a shock absorber
• Allows movement in the spine.
• Slipped discs do not occur they bulge
  (herniation), leak (rupture) or compress.

175
So What Does Happen?

• Too much time of improper sitting, lifting,
  bending, pushing, not exercising properly.
• Develops small tears in the wall surrounding
  discs.
• Slight bulge
• Continue possible herniation
• Fluid escapes - Ruptured disc.

176
How To Lift

• Get close to load.
• Use the diagonal lift one foot in front of the
  other, separated about shoulder width.
• Lock the back in using your back and stomach
  muscles
• Lift head and look straight ahead.
• Push the load up with the hips and legs.
• Get rid of the load as soon as possible.