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Musculoskeletal System - Bones

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Musculoskeletal System - Bones Homeostasis Bone Function Bone Structure Bone Growth Homeostasis steady state Need to maintain balance between intracellular and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Musculoskeletal System - Bones


1
Musculoskeletal System - Bones
  • Homeostasis
  • Bone Function
  • Bone Structure
  • Bone Growth

2
Homeostasis
  • steady state
  • Need to maintain balance between intracellular
    and extracellular fluid.
  • 3 points
  • Each cell metabolizes
  • All cells contribute to the body
  • Combined contributions stable ECF

3
Homeostasis
  • 3 players
  • Sensory receptor sense change in environment
    ex) neurons
  • Integrator processes info ex) brain
  • Effectors carry out response ex) muscles and
    glands
  • 2 types of feedback Negative and Positive

4
Homeostasis
  • Negative Feedback
  • Reverses the altered condition
  • Ex) maintaining body temperature
  • Positive Feedback
  • Intensify the
  • change from the
  • original condition
  • Ex) oxytocin in
  • giving birth

5
Bone Function
  • 5 major functions
  • Movement
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Mineral Storage
  • Blood cell formation

6
Bone Structure
  • Made of both living and non-living cells
  • Living osteocytes
  • Non-living mineralized matrix of collagen,
    protein, carbs, and lacunae

7
Bone Structure
  • 2 kinds of bone tissue
  • Compact bone
  • Outside of bones
  • Dense solid
  • Made of collagen tensile strength
  • Made of osteons which surround canals that carry
    blood vessels and nerves
  • Spongy Bone
  • Inside
  • Flattened struts
  • Can contain red marrow which makes blood cells
  • Can contain yellow marrow

8
Bone Structure
  • Red bone marrow makes red blood cells,
    platelets, and most white blood cells
  • Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of fat
    cells. Can be converted back to red marrow.

9
Bone Growth
  • Start with cartilage template
  • Growth continues at epiphyses triggered by GH
  • Remodeling the process of growing or breaking
    down bone tissue
  • Osteoblasts deposit bone
  • Calcitonin triggers uptake and production
  • Osteoclasts breakdown
  • PTH triggers enzyme production that breaks down
    bone

10
Bone Growth
  • The skeletal system helps maintain Calcium level
    homeostasis.
  • http//bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42
    /4202003.html

11
Skeleton
  • 206 bones
  • Divided into
  • Axial Skeleton
  • Head to toe vertical axis
  • Appendicular Skeleton
  • Hanging appendages
  • Ligaments
  • Connect bone to bone
  • Tendons
  • Connect muscle to bone

12
Axial Skeleton
  • Down the center of the skeleton
  • Skull
  • Vertebrae
  • Ribs
  • Sternum

13
Appendicular Skeleton
  • The appendages of the body.
  • Pectoral Girdle
  • Ex) shoulder blade, arm bones, and fingers
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Ex) pelvis, leg bones, and toes

14
Joints
  • Areas of contact/near contact between bones.
  • 3 types
  • Synovial
  • Have a cavity filled with synovial fluid.
  • Most flexible joints
  • Ex) knee
  • Cartilaginous
  • Somewhat flexible
  • Ex) disk b/w vertebrae
  • Fibrous
  • No cavity b/w bones
  • Not flexible
  • Ex) skull bones

Fibrous A B. Cartilaginous C D Synovial E -
J
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