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The Election of 1912

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Title: The Election of 1912


1
The Progressive Movement
2
PROGRESSIVISM
Muckrackers
Suffragettes
Mid.classWomen
Labor Unions
CivilRights
Popul ists
Temperance
3
Progressivism the Protestant Spirit
  • Progressive ideals strong amongst young,
    Protestant, middle class Americans?Looking to
    fight the wrongs of society.
  • Immorality and corruption really bothered them.
  • Emphasized the simple duties of a good Christian
    could create a good society SOCIAL GOSPEL
    MOVEMENT

4
Aims of the Progressive Movement
  • 1) Return control of the government back to the
    people.
  • 2) Restore economic opportunities
  • 3) Correct Injustices in American Life

5
Beginnings The Settlement HouseMovement/Hull
House
  • What purpose/services did they serve?
  • Settlement Houses were determined to build a
    better future, short long term.
  • Strong belief that family was the key to moral
    development
  • Eliminate prostitution
  • Set up nursery for working moms
  • Taught banking
  • Provided local connections
  • Employment bureau
  • Education classes to function in society
  • ?Helped get a law passed prohibiting child labor
  • Eliminate the root of all evil in society -
    alcohol
  • ?Helped get the 18th Amendment passed

6
Step 1 Exposing the Evils Muckrakers,
Magazines, Realism
Muckraker Reform-minded writers (and those
looking to make a profit) who first exposed
social ills of the Gilded Age. Ida
Tarbellexposed Standard Oil Practices Lincol
n Steffens exposed corruption in city
govt with Shame of the Cities Jacob
Riisstarted the movement with How the
Other Half Lives
7
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8
Room in a tenement, 1910
9
(No Transcript)
10
Bottle Alley, Mulberry Road
11
Greek Children in Gotham Court
12
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1911
13
Step 1 Exposing the Evils Muckrakers,
Magazines, Realism
Muckraker Reform-minded writers (and those
looking to make a profit) who first exposed
social ills of the Gilded Age. Ida
Tarbellexposed Standard Oil Practices Lincol
n Steffens exposed corruption in city
govt with Shame of the Cities Jacob
Riisstarted the movement with How the
Other Half Lives
14
  • Step 2 Political Action/Accomplishments
  • Urban Workplace Reform
  • Tenement Act 1901 public hallways must have
    lighting one toilet must be provided for every
    2 families
  • Muller v. Oregon established 10-hour workday
    for women (1908)
  • (Bunting v. Oregon (1917) upheld law for men)

15
Government Reform
  • Limits set on campaign spending
  • Established use of secret ballot
  • 17th Amendment voters, not state
  • legislators, elected senators (1913)
  • Initiative, referendum, recall
  • -Initiative voters can propose laws for
    legislature to consider
  • -Referendum voters can vote on
  • recently passed law
  • -Recall voters can remove elected official
    from office w/ special election

16
Reforms Toward Social Justice
  • 18th Amendment (1918) outlaws sale
    distribution of alcohol (to right social
    healthcare ills)
  • Mann Act (1910) prohibits interstate transport
    of women for immoral purpose (prostitution)
  • Women gain right to vote, state by state
    (nationally in 1920)

17
Women Progressivism
18
Progressivism Moves to the White House Theodore
RooseveltIf you could kick the person in the
pants responsible for most of your trouble, you
wouldn't sit for a month. - TR
19
Rise to Power
  • Family History
  • Childhood obstacles
  • Harvard education
  • Political Resume
  • 3 terms in NY State Assembly
  • N.Y. City Police Commissioner
  • Asst. Secretary of Navy
  • Rough Riding President American Hero
  • N.Y. Governor ? cleaned up Tammany Hall
  • Vice President of the U.S. (McKinley) ?President
    in 1901!!!

20
Progressivism Moves to the White House Theodore
Roosevelt
  • 1902 PA Coal Miners Strike
  • 150,000 coal miners went on strike
  • TR willing to arbitratemine owners refused
  • TR threatened to federalize PA coal mines if
    owners didnt agree to settle the issues!
  • First time big government sided with the workers!
  • -workers got shorter day/higher pay
  • -owners didnt have to recognize union

21
TRs Trust-busting
  • Upheld Sherman Anti-Trust Act (now 12 years old),
    which outlawed monopolies or trusts that
    restrained trade (broke up Northern Securities
    Company, a RR shipping business, and Standard Oil)
  • Supported Elkins Act (outlawed unfair RR rebates
    to big businesses) and Hepburn Act (gave
    Interstate Commerce Commission power to set
    maximum RR rates)

22
TRs Philosophy and 1904 Campaign Slogan
  • TR promised workers, owners, and consumers a
    Square Deal
  • Limit trusts
  • Improve working conditions
  • Conserve U.S. lands
  • Promote public health/safety

23
Environmental Conservation
  • Some historians believe this was TRs lasting
    legacy
  • Placed 230,000,000 acres under federal
    protection.
  • Revitalized dry land under the Newlands
    Reclamation Act est. U.S. Forestry Service.

24
TRs Promotion of Health and Public Safety
  • Upton Sinclairs The Jungle prompted the Meat
    Inspection Act (required federal inspection of
    meat) and
  • Pure Food and Drug Act (forbade sale of
    food/medicine containing harmful ingredients) . .
    .

25
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26
  • Having selected Taft as his chosen Progressive
    successor, TR did what every president does upon
    leaving office . . .

27
The Taft Presidency
  • The TaftThe Reluctant President
  • Hand-picked by TR as his successor.
  • Helped establish the Department of Labor to
    oversee working regulations/conditions.
  • 16th amendment establishing income tax passed.
  • Did do some trust-busting and conservation
    legislation.
  • BUT he passed the higher Payne-Aldrich tariff
    against his promises.
  • AND he wasnt quite as . . . boisterous/charming
    as TR?

28
Roosevelt Returns!!
  • Fearful that his Republican Party is not
    progressive enough, Teddy returns to save the
    day!
  • The Republicans, however, arent sure they want
    to be saved . . .

29
Election 1912
30
The Candidates
31
The Republican Party President William H. Taft
32
KeeptheWhistleBlowing
Taft was determined to defeat TR and preserve
the conservative heart of the Republican Party.
33
Republican Party Platform
  • High import tariffs.
  • Put limitations on female and child labor.
  • Workmans Compensation Laws.
  • Against initiative, referendum, and recall.
  • Against bad trusts.
  • Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.
  • Stay on the gold standard.
  • Conservation of natural resources because they
    are finite.

34
The Progressive Party Former President
Theodore Roosevelt
People should riseabove their sectarianinterests
to promote the general good.
35
TheAnti-Third-TermPrinciple
36
The Bull MoosePartyThe LatestArrivalat
thePolitical Zoo
37
Progressive/Bull Moose Party Platform
  • Womens suffrage.
  • Graduated income tax.
  • Inheritance tax for the rich.
  • Lower tariffs.
  • Limits on campaign spending.
  • Currency reform.
  • Minimum wage laws.
  • Social insurance.
  • Abolition of child labor.
  • Workmens compensation.

NewNationalism
38
The Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs
The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am
for Socialism because I am for humanity.
39
The Working Class Candidates

Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President
for Vice-President
40
Growth of the Socialist Vote
Year Socialist Party Socialist Labor Party Total
1888   2,068 2,068
1890   13,704 13,704
1892   21,512 21,512
1894   30,020 30,020
1896   36,275 36,274
1898   82,204 82,204
1900 96,931 33,405 130,336
1902 223,494 53,763 277,257
1904 408,230 33,546 441,776
1906 331,043 20,265 351,308
1908 424,488 14,021 438,509
1910 607,674 34,115 641,789
1912 901,873

41
The Industrial Worker I. W. W.
The first American labor group to open its
membership to all wage-earning workers,
regardless of skill, nationality, race, sex, or
gender.
42
Socialist Party Platform
  • Government ownership of railroads and utilities.
  • Guaranteed income tax.
  • No tariffs.
  • 8-hour work day.
  • Better housing.
  • Government inspection of factories.
  • Womens suffrage.

43
The Democratic Party Governor Woodrow Wilson
(NJ)
Could he rescue the Democratic Party from
Bryanism??
44
The ReformGovernorof NJIt TakesTimeto
Removethe Grime
45
Democratic Party Platform
  • Government control of the monopolies ?
    trusts in general were bad ? eliminate them!!
  • Tariff reduction.
  • One-term President.
  • Direct election of Senators.
  • Create a Department of Labor.
  • Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
  • Did NOT support womens suffrage.
  • Opposed to a central bank.

NewFreedom
46
An Actual 1912 Ballot
47
The Results
48
GOP Divided by Bull MooseEquals Democratic
Victory!
49
Election Results
  • By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for
    Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.
  • The 1912 election marked the highpoint of the
    Socialist movement in America.

50
How did the election of 1912 change politics in
America for the rest of the 20c?
51
The Wilson Presidency New Freedom
  • Underwood Tariff of 1913
  • Reduced tariff rates from 40 to 25
  • Trust industries were targeted to foster
    competition and reduce rates
  • Federal Reserve Act
  • Strengthened the banking system by creating a
    central banking system
  • A return to the Bank of the United States
  • Created 12 district reserve banks
  • Placed a measure of restraint on Wall Street
  • 17th Amendment (1913)
  • Establishes direct election of senators

52
The Wilson Presidency
  • Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
  • Amended the Sherman Anti-trust Act? Prohibited
    companies from buying stock in competitor to
    achieve monopoly.
  • Officially legalized strikes, boycotts, and
    peaceful picketing.
  • Federal Trade Commission
  • Received broad power to investigate companies
    unfair trade practices
  • Designed to promote consumer protection
  • Could issue cease and desist orders
  • Other Progressive Reforms
  • Federal child labor law
  • Adamson eight-hour law for railroad workers
  • Non-Progressive in terms of Women African
    Americans.
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