ABAP Programming

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ABAP Programming

• Introduction to the ABAP Workbench

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Objectives

• to introduce
• the ABAP integrated development environment
• the two main ABAP application types
• reporting
• dialog programming

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Order of Presentation

• Purpose and Function of the ABAP Workbench
• Workbench Tools
• Object Navigator (Repository Browser)
• The ABAP Language
• The Repository Information System
• Test and Analysis Tools
• Menu Screen Painter
• The Data Modeler
• ABAP Query
• The Workbench Organizer
• The Class Builder

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ABAP WorkbenchPurpose Function

• SAPs Integrated Graphical Programming
  Development Environment
• Used to create/change ABAP application programs
• Each ABAP application program is either a report
  or a transaction
• Reports are applications that retrieve and
  display information from database with little or
  no user interaction
• Transactions accepts inputs/data from users and
  then perform one or more relevant actions,
  usually involving updating databases

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ABAP WorkbenchPurpose Function

• The Workbench can be used to
• write ABAP code
• design dialogs/screens with a graphical editor
• create menus with a menu editor
• debug an application
• test an application for efficiency
• control access to objects under development
• create new or access predefined database
  information

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ABAP WorkbenchPurpose Function

• Comprises the following tools
• The Object Navigator (aka Repository Browser)
• the ABAP Language
• the Screen and Menu Painters
• the Repository Information System
• the Data Modeler
• various test and analysis tools
• the ABAP Query
• the Workbench Organizer

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ABAP Workbench Architecture
Transport System
Screen Painter
Reporting
ABAP Editor
R/3 Repository
Function Modules
ABAP Dictionary
ABAP Organizer
Data Modeler
Menu Painter
ABAP Processor
Debugging Trace Test Tuning
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The Workbench Screen

• All R/3 screens have a similar look and feel
• screens consist of
• screen titlebar
• menu bar
• standard toolbar
• application toolbar
• screen body
• message line

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Menubar
Standard toolbar
Screen title-bar
Application toolbar
Client
Server
Message line
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The Object Navigator (The Repository Browser)

• central tool for organizing and managing your
  personal development objects
• used to navigate through development object lists
• where development objects are the components used
  to construct an application
• automatically calls other workbench tools
• if you create a new data definition the browser
  calls the Data Dictionary, and then returns to
  the browser after the definition is created

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The ABAP Language

• Advanced Business Application Programming
• developed by SAP for the interactive development
  of application programs
• 4th Generation Language (with some OO features)
• main uses for ABAP programs include
• creation of new reports
• development of new user dialog programs
  (transactions)
• customisation of R/3 to meet individual client
  needs

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Reporting

• uses ABAP Open SQL to extract data from the R/3
  database
• Open SQL is a subset of ANSI SQL
• report consists of a selection screen and a
  list screen
• selection screen allows the user to enter
  selection criteria
• list screen displays the report data

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Report
Selection Screen
List Screen
ABAP Open SQL
R/3 Database
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Dialog Programming

• Dialog Programs (Transactions) are used for both
  reading and changing the database
• Main Components of a Dialog Program are
• screen menus
• processing logic defined in an ABAP program
  (module pool)
• for each screen, interaction and control flow
  from one module to another is defined in DYNPRO
• data structures defined in the ABAP dictionary

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Development Environment
ABAP Dictionary
Screen Painter
Menu Painter
ABAP
Runtime Environment
Dialog Processor
ABAP Processor
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Dialog Programming - Overview
Transaction Code
Module Pool
0100
0200
0300
Screen Flow Logic
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DIALOG Communication ABAP
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT. MODULE
INITIALISE. PROCESS AFTER INPUT. MODULE
READ-ITAB. MODULE ....
MODULE INITIALISE Clear ITAB. ENDMODULE. MOD
ULE READ-ITAB. Select From ITAB
Where... ENDMODULE. MODULE......
ENDMODULE.
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Graphical Screen Painter
Currently Edited Field
Graphical Elements Toolbar
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Menu Painter
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The Repository Information System

• The Repository Information System is used to
  search for objects in the R/3 system and provides
• list of all objects X with attribute/s Y
• the Where Used List which gives a list of every
  place that object X is used throughout the R/3
  system
• information about foreign key relationships
  between tables
• display of data (all records in table X with
  attribute Y)

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Test and Analysis Tools

• ABAP Editor
• syntax checker
• tests for coding and syntactical correctness
• provides automatic correct facility
• in case of an error, provides a detailed
  (although sometimes obscure) reason for the error
• extended syntax check
• searches out situations that might possibly
  result in a runtime error (eg, inconsistent
  interface parameters)
• warns about use of literals instead of text
  elements

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Test and Analysis Tools

• Debugger
• finds logic errors
• provides ability to
• stop the program anywhere during runtime
• continue statement by statement
• skip over subroutines
• check or change the contents of variables and
  internal tables on the fly

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Test and Analysis Tools

• Runtime analysis
• used to determine the performance, (absolute and
  relative) of the various parts of an ABAP program
• can provide statistics on the efficiency of
• code
• database accesses
• R/3 system itself

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The Data Modeler

• graphical tool that utilises E-R modelling
• tightly coupled to the data dictionary
• possible to click on an object in the model (ie,
  an entity), and retrieve related data from the
  dictionary, (ie table - structure, contents)
• create the data model and the dictionary can
  create the table automatically

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ABAP Query

• Automated report generator
• user not required to know ABAP language
• can generate
• basic lists, statistics, ranked lists
• To define a report
• enter individual texts, such as titles
• select the fields and options which determine the
  report layout
• assign a particular sequence by numbering the
  fields.
• The system generates each query in the form of an
  ABAP program.

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Workbench Organizer

• records and controls changes to objects
• ABAP Programs, Dictionary Objects, Screens, User
  Interface Definitions,
• provides assistance for organizing development
  projects
• by allowing you to distribute project work for
  individual developers or teams among different
  change requests

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Workbench Organizer

• interface to the Transport mechanism
• movement of applications from development ? test
  ? production environments
• prevents parallel, uncoordinated changes to the
  same object, (version control)
• even when many copies of the object exist in
  several, connected SAP systems

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Summary Conclusion

• this lecture provided an overview of the tools
  that comprise the ABAP Development Workbench
• of these the editor /syntax checker/debugger is
  the combination that we will use most frequently
• it is essential that you be able to use the tools
  to
• navigate around the workbench
• find,execute,change development objects

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Related Reading

• OnLine Help
• R/3 Library ... Basis Components ... ABAP
  Workbench
• BC ABAP Users Guide
• ABAP Basics
• Overview of the Components of Application
  Programs
• ABAP Workbench Tools

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Recommended ABAP Texts

• ABAP/4 Programming the SAP R/3 System,
• Bernd Matzke
• Developing SAPs R/3 applications with ABAP/4,
• Rudiger Kretschmer, and Wolfgang Weiss
• Introduction to ABAP/4 Programming for SAP,
  Revised and Expanded Edition by Gareth M. De
  Bruyn, Robert Lyfareff