Ch. 7 Early China Lesson 6: The Qin and the Han Dynasties

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Ch. 7 Early ChinaLesson 6 The Qin and the Han
Dynasties
Take 2 handouts from the back counter

• pp. 184-191

Today you will take notes on the Qin Dynasty and
then you will take ½ of the Benchmark test.
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Objectives

• 6.35 List the policies and achievements of the
  emperor Shi Huang and explain how these
  contributed to the unification of northern China
  under the Qin Dynasty and the construction of the
  Great Wall of China. (H, P)
• 6.36 Detail the political contributions of the
  Han Dynasty and determine how they contributed to
  the development of the imperial bureaucratic
  state and the expansion of the empire. (H, P)
• 6.37 Cite the significance of the trans-Eurasian
  silk roads in the period of the Han Dynasty and
  Roman Empire and their locations. (E, G, H)
• 6.38 Describe the diffusion of Buddhism northward
  to China during the Han Dynasty

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The Qin Emperor

• Qin (chihn) was one of the strong rulers during
  the Period of the Warring States
• Qin sent a cavalry army of men on horseback
  out to battle
• Defeated the surrounding territories and ended
  the Zhou dynasty
• Controlled China from the Huang He to the Chang
  Jiang
• Declared himself Qin Shihuangdi means the First
  Qin Emperor

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How Did Qin Change China?

• Qin brought changes to Chinese government that
  would last for many centuries
• 1)Qin wanted to strengthen and unify China
• 2) He took control of the territories (before,
  under the Zhou rule, aristocrats positions of
  governing the territories was hereditary)
• Now only Qin had the power to appoint the
  governors
• Ruled with absolute control and punishment
• Anyone who disagreed was punished and killed
• Writings that displeased Qin were burned

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3) Appointed Censors

• This increased government power
• These overseers made sure government workers did
  their work

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4) Qin created currency or moneythat everyone
had to use
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5) Writing system was simplified

• Scholars were hired to make the writing system
  easier
• and set rules for writing system how and when
  it was to be used

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6) Building projects

• Ordered farmers to build
• Palaces
• Roads
• Dams
• The Great Wall
• A huge, grand canal that connected the Chang
  Jiang River in central China to many territories
  in southern China
• This canal was used to transport supplies to
  soldiers throughout the territories
• Qins tomb

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Shi Huangdi Qins Tomb

• In March of 1974, Chinese peasants digging a well
  near Xi'an in the central province of Shaanxi
  found some unusual pottery fragments. Then,
  deeper down at eleven feet, they unearthed a head
  made of terra cotta (baked earth or clay). They
  notified the authorities and excavation of the
  site began immediately. To date, workers have dug
  up about eight thousand sculpted clay soldiers,
  and the site has proved to be one of the greatest
  archaeological discoveries of all time.

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Terra Cotta Soldiers
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Grand Canal

• Shi Huangdi Qin built a canal that connected
  Chang Jiang to the Guangzhou in Southern China

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Why was the Great Wall Built?

• To keep out invaders
• Nomads and herders moved their animals along the
  Gobi desert
• Xiongnu skilled warriors who fought on
  horseback and often attacked Chinese settlements

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The Great Wall of China Facts

• The Great Wall of China was built over about 2000
  years by several different Chinese emperors,
  starting in BC 475, to protect the people from
  their enemies, the Huns.
• The Wall is a unique structure that is considered
  one of the seven wonders of the world. It snakes
  through the mountains of China for 4,500 miles.
  That's longer than the distance across from New
  York to California by about 1,000 miles!
• The Great Wall is 25 feet tall and 15-30 feet
  wide. That's wide enough for two cars to drive
  on!

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The Great Wall Facts

• The Ming Dynasty's rebuilding made it more
  elaborate with watchtowers, battlements and
  cannons. Leading the great wall to additional
  protection of the people.
• Ancient records show that more than 300,000
  soldiers and 500,000 commoners worked to build
  it. That's about the same as the population of
  San Francisco!
• http//www.airpano.ru/files/China-Great-Wall/2-2
• http//www.panoramas.dk/7-wonders/great-wall.html

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The End of Qin Rule

• Qin boasted that his dynasty would rule China
  forever
• Both aristocrats and farmers revolted against
  harsh Qin rule

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Now what?

• Benchmark Test
• Pictograph Paragraph

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Han Rulers

• 1) In 202 B.C. Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty
• Liu Bang was a farmer turned soldier
• Started the Han Dynasty that lasted 400 years

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2) Han Wudi the first strong Han emperor

• Ruled from 141 B.C.-87 B.C.
• Recruited people for civil service
• People were chosen on the basis of competitive
  tests
• Raised the quality of government
• Favored the rich-only rich could afford education

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Education

• Han created schools
• Studied law, history, and ideas of Confucius
• Well respected because of education

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The Empire Expands

• Population rose to 60 million
• Farmers sold land and became tenant farmers
• Han Empire took new territory
• Conquered Korea, Southeast Asia, northern India
• Then, Chinese had peace for 150 years

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Han Culture

• Ideas of Confucius gained influence
• Filial piety became strong
• Stability of government strengthen family ties

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Chinese Inventions

• Cast-iron plow

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Waterwheels

• Millers invented waterwheels to grind grain

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Wheelbarrow

• Wheelbarrow-used to carry heavy material

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Silk Manufacturing with devices
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Paper

• Paper used first for wrapping and then writing
• Like the Egyptian papyrus, provided a way to keep
  written records

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Toilet Paper

• Also invented toilet paper

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Sailing inventions

• Rudder and a new way to move the sails of ships
• With these inventions, ships could sail against
  the wind

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Medical Advances

• Certain foods prevented disease
• Used herbs to treat illnesses

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Acupuncture

• Acupuncture-relieved pain by piercing patients
  skin at vital points with thin needles
• Renews the body by increasing flow of energy

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On the Silk Road

• During the Han period, Chinese traders grew rich
  by sending expensive goods around the world
• Jade
• Kaolin
• Silk
• Cast Iron goods
• Peaches pears
• All the inventions
• From this lesson

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New Contacts with the West

• Chinas trade increased as a result of
  exploration
• Zhang Qian explored areas west of China
• Found horses
• Han Wudi wanted horses for soldiers
• In exchange for horses, Chinese traded silk

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Trade expands

• Silk road was not one road. It was a network of
  trade routes
• 4,000 miles long
• Stretched from China to Mediterranean Sea

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Goods Traded

• Horses, silk, spices, fruits, vegetables,
  flowers, and grains, peaches, pears, cotton,
  paper etc
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vvfe-eNq-Qyg
• 10 mins

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Buddhism Reaches China

• Silk Road spread knowledge, culture, and
  religions. gt Cultural Diffusion at its best
• Buddhism spread along Silk Road from India to
  China

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Why Did the Han Dynasty Collapse?

• Weak and dishonest emperors
• Corrupt officials
• People began to rise up and rebel against Han
  rulers
• Civil war divided China
• Remained divided for 400 years

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Buddhism Wins Followers

• Civil War frightened many Chinese
• Many people turned to Buddhist ideas
• Followers of Confucius and Daoists admired
  Buddhist ideas
• By A.D. 400s Buddhism became one of Chinas major
  religions

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Review

• Make a list ranking the 5 most important details
  from todays lesson.
• Remember 1 is most important.
• Explain why each is ranked as it is.
• Give a title to your list.
• Be ready to share!