China: Chapter 5

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China Chapter 5

• Dragon symbol of good luck believed to be gods
  that brought rain and good harvests rivers were
  described as dragons limbs were smaller
  streams, body was main river, mouth was the
  delta.
• Terrace Farming practice of carving shelves
  into hillsides on which crops could be grown on
  terraces

• Ancient China was isolated by mountains, seas,
  and deserts
• North China Plain and its highlands were places
  where fertile soil existed deposited by Huang
  River
• Civilization developed along rivers
• Ancients didnt know of rest of world and called
  themselves Middle Kingdom

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China Chapter 5

• Loess (LOH es) is yellow-brown soil that the
  Yellow River deposits when it floods very
  fertile
• Millet small round grain that is a main part of
  Chinese diet

• HUANG RIVER
• Called Yellow River
• 2nd longest in China
• Seasonal floods brought fertile soil, but also
  could do harm
• Yellow River often called Chinas Sorrow due to
  annual floods

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China Chapter 5

• Dikes protective walls built to hold back flood
  waters

• Yellow River floods could drown thousands
  sometimes created whole new river course
• People built dikes and later dams to control
  flood water
• Farming began in Huang River Valley as early as
  5000 BCE

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China Chapter 5

• Dynasty family or group that rules as monarchs
  for generations
• Bronze ancient metal that was mix of brass and
  tin

• SHANG DYNASTY
• First ruling dynasty
• Built first cities 1760 BCE
• Worked in bronze
• Created writing system with its own alphabet
• Ruled for approximately 600 years

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China Chapter 5

• Mandate a law or order something that is
  required

• ZHOU DYNASTY
• Settled west of Shang Dynasty
• Lived as neighbors for many years
• Eventually conquered Shang
• Ruled China from about 1122 BCE
• In eastern areas small kingdoms developed and
  fought for control

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China Chapter 5

• Extended Family Closely related people
  parents, grandparents, great grandparents, aunts,
  uncles, etc.

• Mandate of Heaven belief that dynasties came to
  power because it was their destiny a mandate
• Allowed dynasties to retain power for many years

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China Chapter 5

• Patriarch male who is leader of a group,
  usually a family
• Patriarchal a family or group that is ruled by
  a male
• Matriarch female who is leader of a group,
  usually a family
• Matriarchal a family or group that is ruled by
  a female

• FOCUS ON FAMILY
• Extended Family was the center of life for
  Ancient Chinese
• Thought to be more important than country or
  individual
• Households were made up of as extended families
  and were patriarchal
• Status within family was based on gender and age

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China Chapter 5

• Oldest male was head of family and had absolute
  authority
• Women had lower status than men
• Women were expected to follow three obediences
  obey fathers husbands oldest sons
• Chinese women were expected to be moral, modest,
  speak properly, and have domestic skills

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China Chapter 5

• Family Names
• China was first culture to have two names for its
  people a family name (last) and a given name
  (first)
• Put family name first so Abe Lincoln would be
  called Lincoln Abe in China

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China Chapter 5

• Philosophy system of beliefs or values that
  people follow
• Philosopher someone who studies or creates a
  certain philosophy and shares ideas about it

• Confucius early Chinese teacher and philosopher
  (Kong Fu Zi)
• Born 551 BCE to noble but poor family
• Self-taught
• Decided to be a teacher
• Thought of as Chinas first professional teacher

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China Chapter 5

• Wanted to bring order to society
• Believed that by teaching people to behave
  properly, peace and order would result
• Felt everyone should be treated with respect
• Do not do to others what you would not want done
  to yourself.

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China Chapter 5

• Teachings have come to be called CONFUCIANISM
• A philosophy, not religion ideas for improving
  behavior and society most widely studied in
  China
• TAOISM philosophy that said people should live
  in harmony with nature and lead a balanced life

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China Chapter 5

• Civil Service a group of people who do the work
  of the government

• Confucius teaching had impact on Chinese
  government
• Basic part of training for all civil servants
• People could advance based on merit how well
  they did their jobs, or how qualified they were

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