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Title: Society, Politics, and World Events


1
Society, Politics, and World Events
  • Chapter 30

2
Long Shadow of the 1960s on US Cultural Change
  • 1960s Mood Personal Preoccupations and New
    Activists energies
  • Vietnam shatters liberals
  • New left fragments
  • Watergate shatters republicans
  • Hippies replaced with yuppies
  • TV
  • Viewing increases
  • Prime-time soaps Dallas
  • TV Sitcoms Brady Bunch
  • Disneyworld 1982
  • Movies
  • Jaws
  • Star Wars
  • MLB, NFL, NBA
  • Music
  • Saturday Night Fever
  • Consumer electronics
  • VCRs
  • CDs
  • Protest mood survives
  • Bruce Springsteen (working class)
  • Bob Dylan (celebrated outlaws)
  • Environmental movement
  • Built of Rachel Carson 1960s
  • Greenpeace
  • Targets Nuc-industry
  • Womens Rights
  • Lasting effects of 1960s
  • NOW 50,000
  • Gloria Steinem, Ms. magazine
  • National Womens Political Caucus 1971
  • Promoted feminist agenda
  • Roe v. Wade
  • Splintered movement
  • Radical v. conservative
  • Struggle to define movement
  • Changes
  • Increase of working women

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4
Cultural Shadow of the 1960s
  • Changing Patterns
  • 1969- Police raid Stonewall Inn, NYC sparks
    movement
  • Loosening Taboos
  • Increased co-habitation
  • Coming out increase
  • 1970s homosexuality no longer a mental illness
  • Federal ban dropped on employment
  • STDs
  • AIDS 1981
  • New safe sex attitude
  • Conservative Backlash
  • Roe v. Wade
  • right to life groups
  • Homosexuals
  • Jerry Farwell, Anita Bryant
  • Milk assassination 1978
  • Donna Sumner 1980
  • Religious Questioning
  • Born-Again Christians

5
Patterns of Social Change
  • Decline of the Family Farm
  • Historic backbone
  • Growth of agribusiness
  • Cultural importance
  • Willie Nelsons Farm Aid 1985
  • Two worlds of Black America
  • 1st world
  • Significant upward mobility
  • Thanks to civil rights movement
  • Cosby Show, College
  • 2nd world
  • ½ never finished high school
  • Jobless rate 60, unskilled
  • Cocaine, drugs, violence
  • LA Bloods v. Crips
  • 400 killings 1987
  • Drug Abuse Act 1970
  • Affected society on ALL levels but biggest impact
    on inner cities
  • Women
  • Unmarried
  • 60 of black births
  • Welfare cycle of dependence
  • Affirmative Action
  • Buildings, education
  • Bakke V. U.S. 1978
  • Overthrew Affirmative Action in California with
    Medical School
  • Affected by conservative backlash

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Patterns of Social Change
  • Native Americans
  • Shaped by 1960s
  • Brighter prospects
  • AIM occupied Alcatraz Island, Trading Post at
    Wounded Knee
  • Indian Self-determination Act of 1974
  • Fed programs for reservations
  • Gave natives control over internal programs,
    education, and law enforcement
  • Business Ventures successful
  • Culture
  • Little Big Horn 1970
  • Dances with Wolves 1990
  • Improvement on stereotypes of the 1950s
  • Immigration
  • Western Hemisphere 45
  • Asia 30
  • Thanks to Eisenhower suspending National Origin
    Act of 1924
  • Immigration Act of 1965 ended ethnic quotas

8
Post-Watergate Politics
  • National Morale
  • S. Vietnam fell April 1975
  • Evacuations of US embassy
  • Marked low point of American prestige overseas
  • Cambodia 1975
  • US- supported government fell to Khmer Rouge
  • Genocide killed over 1 million
  • Ford ordered attack
  • Saved 39, 41 U.S. servicemen died
  • Gerald Ford 1974-1976
  • August 9, 1974
  • Former congressman, VP
  • Conveyed likeable decency
  • the caretaker President
  • Problems
  • Pardoned Nixon
  • Lost publics good will
  • Lots of conservative vetoes on environment,
    social welfare
  • Overrode by a democratic congress
  • Had CIA investigated for engineering foreign
    assassinations
  • Headed by George H.W. Bush
  • Economic
  • 1973 oil OPEC
  • Oil embargo
  • Soaring costs
  • Whip Inflation Now
  • Fed raised interest rates
  • Curbing energy use

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10
Jimmy Carter
  • Election of 1976
  • Carter vs. Reagan
  • Actor, ex. Governor of Cali
  • 1977-1980
  • The outsider
  • Peanut farmer from GA
  • Won because of lack of connection to D.C.
  • Democratic Nominee
  • Both liberal and conservative
  • Best at focusing on specific problems
  • No clear political philosophy
  • Domestic Policy
  • Congress ignored Carters attempts at Civil
    Service reform, national health care or welfare
    reform
  • Stopped recession with tax cut
  • Unemployment drops to 5
  • Sensed nations lack of sympathy for government
    programs
  • Environment
  • Alaska Lands Act
  • Major victory for environmental movement
  • 100 million acres for parks, etc.
  • Niagara Falls 1978
  • Love Canal Disaster
  • Foreign
  • Attention to human rights
  • Latin America
  • Treaty to transfer Panama canal back to Panama in
    2000
  • Camp David Accords 1978
  • Peace settlement b/w Egypt and Israel
  • Cold War
  • Continued Détente
  • SALT Treaty II
  • Delayed, Soviets invade Afghanistan

11
Carters Frustrations
  • Troubles and Frustrations
  • 2nd oil crisis 1979
  • OPEC boosted prices
  • 1 a gallon
  • Inflation prices increased
  • FED raised interest rates
  • stagflation
  • Drew attention to Conservation
  • Created Dept. of Energy 1977
  • Called for higher oil and gas taxes, tax credit
    for conservation, research
  • Watered down version passed 1978
  • Approval Ratings
  • Down to 26 summer of 1979
  • Isolated himself
  • Blamed Americans on TV!!!!!
  • Legacy
  • Identified key issues
  • Lacked political skills to accomplish anything
  • Known more today for international conflict and
    humanitarian work

12
Iranian Hostage Crisis
  • 1979 Iranian Revolution
  • American-backed government overthrown by the
    Ayatollah Khomeini
  • U.S. admits former Shah of Iran into U.S. for
    cancer treatment
  • Protests/riots in Iran
  • U.S. Embassy seized
  • 50 hostages
  • Lasted 444 days
  • Botched rescue attempt
  • Sec. of State resigns
  • Failure for Carter

13
Reagan Revolution, 1981-1984
  • Rise of Conservatism
  • Started with Goldwater in 1964
  • Loose coalition of political conservatives,
    religious fundamentals and political action
    committees (PAC)
  • Background
  • Appeal
  • Movie/ T.V. star , handsome
  • Master of Media
  • Are you better off now than 4 years ago
  • Used misery index
  • Solution to Stagflation a tax cut
  • Tributes to private enterprise
  • Called for military strength, patriotism
  • Embraced New Right
  • Clear cut traditional and moral values
  • moral majority
  • Election
  • Issue
  • Taxpayers revolt, moral revival, reverse
    discrimination
  • Day of Inauguration
  • Iranian hostages released
  • Assassination attempt made him more popular
  • Reaganomics
  • Economic program
  • Belief in US capitalism
  • No heavy taxes and government regulation
  • Believed tax cuts would fuel spending
  • 1st budget cut proposed 50
  • 1981 5
  • 1982, 1983 20
  • Government programs cut
  • Food stamps, student loans, mass transportation
  • Compared to FDRs 1st 100 days
  • Not b/c of programs but how quickly government
    shifted gears
  • Drastic cutbacks in business regulation
  • Restrictions eased
  • To help auto industry regulations on emissions
    and auto safety reduced

14
1980 Election
15
Reagan Revolution
  • Recession
  • High interest rates
  • 1982 unemployment 10
  • Worst since 1930s
  • As reaganomics took hold, economy improved
  • Inner-cities suffered
  • Falling exports, dollar rose
  • US trade deficit tripled
  • Because of tax cuts and less returns
  • Individual heartland hurt
  • Slumping exports
  • Foreign competition
  • Problems
  • 1982 Democrats gain 57 seats
  • Boom Times
  • Stock-market upturn
  • Like 1920s, wall street celebrities
  • Corruption, market crash 1987
  • Great Bull Market

16
Reagan Revolution
  • Confronting the Evil Empire
  • Military build-up
  • Defense budget
  • 1981- 171 billion
  • 1985- 300 billion
  • Tensions
  • Korean plane shot down by Russians Sept. 1983
  • Killed 269 people
  • Anti-communist administrations
  • El Salvador
  • Backed Salvadoran military junta against Castro
  • Sent 5 million to government
  • Nicaragua
  • Carter gave money to Sandinista revolution 1979
  • Reagan reversed policy
  • 1982 financed Contras
  • Opposed by Congress
  • Obsession with Latin America
  • Grenada
  • 1983 coup installed left government
  • 2,000 marines sent in 1983
  • Set up pro-US government
  • Success

17
Middle East
  • Goals
  • Slow the spread of Islamic fundamentalism
  • US support of Saddam Hussein against Iran
  • Iraq/ Iran War
  • U.S. supported Iraq
  • Israel
  • Deep US bond, emotional
  • Unable to achieve peace because of conflicting
    pressures
  • Israel invaded Lebanon to stop PLO in 1982
  • Lebanon
  • PLO
  • Problems
  • Extremists shots Israeli Ambassador
  • Israel invades Lebanon
  • Reagan sends peacekeepers 1982
  • Suicide bombing of barracks 1983
  • Killed 239 Marines
  • Withdraws troops 1984
  • Reagan ineffective in Middle East

18
Election of 1984
  • Reagans Critics
  • Runaway military spending
  • Star Wars project
  • Strategic Defense Initiative
  • Cold war belligerence
  • Massive budget deficits
  • Cuts in social programs
  • Assault of government regulatory spending
  • Supporters
  • Attacked big government
  • Tough on USSR
  • Solid achievements
  • Booming economy
  • Ended inflation
  • Personal popularity
  • Nominated Sandra Day OConnor 1981
  • Fulfilled 1980 promises
  • Democrat challenge
  • Hopefuls
  • Gary Hart, Jesse Jackson
  • Jackson first African- American to make a strong
    run, rainbow coalition
  • Nominee
  • Walter Mondale
  • Former Vice President
  • Won backing from labor unions, party bigwigs,
    various interest groups
  • VP NY congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro (1st female
    VP nominee)
  • Election Results
  • Reagan/Bush 59
  • Democrats
  • Retain Congress
  • Try to reorganize
  • Clinton, Gore, Lieberman
  • Formed Democratic Leadership Conference
  • More centrist party position
  • Wanted to reverse image as big government and
    tax-and-spend party

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20
Reagans 2nd Term, 1985-1989
  • Iran-Contra Affair
  • Worst scandal
  • Arose from efforts to control events in L.A.
  • 1986 Beirut Newspaper reported that US gave Iran
    missiles in 1985
  • Claimed it was to encourage moderates and gain
    release of hostages
  • Lt. Col. Oliver North
  • Took money for Nicaraguan Contras
  • Destroyed evidence
  • Aid forbidden by Congress
  • Reagan denied knowledge
  • 1987 Senate Investigations on T.V.
  • Other scandals
  • Bribery, government influence
  • Budget Deficits and Trade
  • Legislative achievements
  • Immigration reform and control act of 1986
  • Tax-reform law
  • Eliminated deductions
  • Established uniform rates
  • Removed 6 million low-income from tax rolls
  • Reshaped Supreme Court
  • conservative
  • Sky-high federal deficit
  • Tax cuts increase in military spending DEBT
  • Debt tripled during Reagan years
  • Increased trade gap
  • Tax cuts increased consumption, especially of
    foreign goods!!

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22
Mission to Moscow and the Middle East
  • Warming of US-Soviet Relations
  • 1985
  • New Soviet leader
  • Mikhail Gorbachev
  • Revived arms-control talks
  • Glasnost-openness to end political repression
  • Perestroika- restructuring of Soviet Economy
  • Meetings in Switzerland 1985, Iceland 1986
  • Revived stalled arms-control policies
  • 1987 signed Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces
    Treaty
  • Removed 2500 missiles from Europe
  • Also pulled troops from Afghanistan 1988
  • Eliminated class of weapons
  • Moscow 1988
  • Historic visit
  • Made some Reagan supporters upset
  • Marked beginning of the End
  • Tensions in the Middle East
  • Situation dire
  • 1987 Palestinians in Gaza and West Bank rise up
  • Sec. of State George Shultz
  • Tried to start talks failed
  • Plan for Palestinian autonomy
  • PLO rejects and wanted full statehood
  • Israel built more settlements
  • Violence
  • Rise of terrorists
  • Freedom Fighters
  • 1985 bombing of Vienna and Rome
  • TWA flight held hostage, ships hijacked
  • Reagan blames Libya
  • Muammar Quadaffi
  • U.S. bombs Libya
  • Pan Am Flight 103
  • 259 killed
  • Libyans charged

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25
Assessing the Reagan Years
  • Restored stability and continuity in US politics
  • Domestically
  • Inflation tamed
  • Economy up after 1983
  • Deficit soared
  • Ignored social issues
  • Challenger Explosion 1986
  • Sally Ride- 1st woman astronaut
  • Internationally
  • Restored national pride
  • Aggressive anti-communist policy
  • Shadow of world terrorism
  • Supporters
  • Wanted a third term!
  • Critics
  • Deficit soared
  • Ignored social issues, environmental concerns,
    and long-term economic issues
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