Ecology Review

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Ecology Review
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• A _____ is all the members of the same species
  that inhabit a particular area.
• 2. The _____ of an organism is its total role in
  the community.
• 3. An _______ possesses both biotic and abiotic
  components.

population
niche
ecosystem
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• 1. The _____is the primary source of all Energy
  on the Earth.
• 2. Organisms that make their own food are called
  _____.
• 3. Organisms that hunt and kill their food are
  called _______.
• 4. Organisms that break down dead organisms and
  return some of the nutrients back to the soil are
  called ____.

sunlight
producers
predators
decomposers
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• 1. Competition is most intense between closely
  related species that (1) are similar in
  appearance                 
• (2) use the same resources
• (3) have different beak size                   
• (4) use different resources
• 2. Omnivores eat
• (1) only producers    
• (3) producers and consumers  
• (2) only consumers 
• (4) only other omnivores

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• 1. Which group represents a population?
• 1. all the vertebrates living in NY State.2.
  all the Homo sapiens living in NY State.3. all
  the plant and animal species found in NY
  State.4. all the flowering plants found in NY
  State
• 2. A student measured some abiotic factors
  present in an aquarium in a biology laboratory.
  Which data did the student most likely record?
• 1. the weight and color of each type of
  scavenger.2. the number of each type of green
  plant and each type of snail.3. the size
  and number of each species of fish.4. the
  temperature and oxygen content of the water.

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Which diagram at the right  best represents an
ecosystem?
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Which is an abiotic factor that functions as a
limiting factor for the autotrophs in the
ecosystem shown?
(1.) grasshopper  (2.) fish  (3.) light 
(4.) hawk
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The diagram shows organisms in and around a pond.
Which ecological term refers to all the organisms
shown in the diagram?  (1.) heterotroph 
(2.) community  (3.) population  (4.)
biosphere  
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All the red-winged blackbirds living in a marsh
are

• (1.) a community
• (2.) a succession
• (3.) an ecosystem
• (4.) a population

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• The diagram shows a milkweed plant and some of
  the insects that live on it or visit it. Which
  term best describes the group of organisms in the
  diagram?
• 1. biosphere      
• 2. habitat3. community     
• 4. biome

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Which group contains only abiotic factors?
(1.) group A  (2.) group B  (3.) group C 
(4.) group D
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• Because turkey vultures feed mainly on animal
  that they have not killed, they are known as
• predators      
• omnivores
• scavengers    
• 4. autotrophs

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Although three different bird species all inhabit
the same type of tree in an area, competition
between the birds rarely occurs. The most likely
explanation for this lack of competition is that
these birds 

• (1.) are unable to interbreed 
• (2.) have a limited supply of food 
• (3.) share food with each other 
• (4.) have different ecological niches

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Which processes are involved in the water cycle? 

• (1.) respiration and photosynthesis, only
• (2.) transpiration and excretion, only 
• (3.) respiration, photosynthesis, evaporation,
      and condensation, only 
• (4.) respiration, photosynthesis,
  transpiration, excretion, evaporation, and
  condensation

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Barnacles often attach themselves to whales and
receive free transportation to parts of the
ocean. The whales are not affected by this
activity. This is an example of

• (1.) mutualism
• (2.) saprophytism
• (3.) commensalism
• (4.) parasitism

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Several years after a building had been torn down
and the ground cleared, grasses began to grow in
that area. After 10 years, small bushes replaced
the grasses. This pattern of plant growth is
known as 

• (1.) cover cropping 
• (2.) land use management 
• (3.) ecological succession
• (4.) biological control

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• algae? minnow ? lake trout ? hawk
• Which organism has the greatest energy?
• 2. Describe one effect that an increase in the
  minnow population would have on the ecosystem.
• 3. Why are the algae an important part of this
  food web
• 4. What do the arrows represent?

algae
A decrease in algae
An increase in lake trout
They are producers.
The flow of energy through the food chain.
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• Which organisms would contain the greatest amount
  of available energy? 
• (1.) rabbits and deer 
• (2.) grasses and shrubs 
• (3.) hawks  
• (4.) lice
• 2. The primary consumers include 
• (1.) insects and seed-eating birds 
• (2.) rabbits and snakes 
• (3.) rats and frogs 
• (4.) spiders and coyotes

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• Which level of this pyramid would contain
  producer organisms? 
• 2. If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which
  pyramid level would birds occupy? 
• 3. As one progresses from level D to level A in
  this pyramid, what happens to the amount of
  energy?

Level D
Level B
Decreases
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• Which statement best describes a direct result of
  a decrease in the rabbit population due to
  disease?
• 1. The hawk population will increase.2. The
  grass population will increase.3. The cricket
  population will decrease.4. The frog population
  will be eliminated.

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• Energy stored in organic molecules is passed from
  producers to consumers. This statement best
  describes an event in
• 1. the process of photosynthesis.2. natural
  selection.3. a food chain.4. ecological
  succession.

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Which factor promotes competition between
organisms in an ecosystem?

• (1.) cycling of materials 
• (2.) limited resources 
• (3.) presence of saprophytes 
• (4.) decomposition of organic matter

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• Stage D in the diagram below is located on land
  that was once a bare field.
• This diagram illustrates ___________.
• Stage D represent the ____________.
• What determines the types of animals that live
  here?

succession
climax community
producers
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What process is occurring in the diagram?
Ecological succession
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Identify the name of stage IV.
Climax community
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Stage IV will persist until it is altered by 
(1.)a major change in an abiotic factor (2.)
seasonal dieback of vegetation  (3.) the
reappearance of lichens and mosses (4.) the
growth in diameter of the trees
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What is biotic factor for animal succession in
each stage? (1.) plant species  (2.) sunlight 
(3.) soil minerals  (4.) moisture
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• The diagrams best illustrates 
  
• (1.) ecological succession 
• (2.) organic evolution 
• (3.) the effects of acid rain 
• (4.) a food chain 45. 

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• If no human intervention or natural disaster
  occurs, by the year 2050
• this area will most likely be a 
• (1.) pond 
• (2.) field 
• (3.) forest 
• (4.) desert

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• Which material cycle relies least on the
  processes of photosynthesis, transpiration,
  evaporation, respiration, and condensation?
• oxygen cycle     
• water cycle
• nitrogen cycle   
• carbon cycle

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• Types of Symbiosis
• A tapeworm lives in the digestive tract of a
  human.
• 2. Bees pollinating flowers.
• 3.A flea sucks blood from the skin of a dog.
• 4. Barnacles found on the surfaces of whales.

parasitism
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
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• Bacteria of decay are important components of an
  ecosystem because they
• (1) recycle organic matter(2) are involved in
  photosynthesis(3) absorb solar energy(4) slow
  the spread of disease

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• 1. Which substance is the major cause of the loss
  of our stratospheric ozone shield?  
• (1.) CFC's  (2.) oxygen 
• (3.) acid rain  (4.) carbon dioxide
• 2. Give an example of a negative effect of ozone
  depletion.

Can cause mutations (skin cancer)
Can destroy producers
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• 1. Which is NOT an expected effect of global
  warming? 
• (1.) Melting of polar ice caps.
• (2.) Flooding of coastal areas. 
• (3.) Increased crop yields. 
• (4.) Alteration of rainfall patterns
• 2. What are two possible causes of global
  warming?

The greenhouse effect
Burning of fossil fuels
Deforestation
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• There is ample evidence to suggest a direct
  relationship between global warming and
  increased 
• (1.) ozone concentration 
• (2.) carbon dioxide concentration 
• (3.) acid rain
• (4.) CFC's

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Which phrase would be appropriate for area A in
the chart below?                                
                                   (1)
produces radioactive waste (2) results in
greater biodiversity (3) provides light from
radioactive substances(4) reduces dependence on
fossil fuels
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• Which practice would most likely deplete a
  non-renewable natural resource?
• (1) harvesting trees on a tree farm(2) burning
  coal to generate electricity in a power
  plant(3) restricting water usage during a period
  of water shortage(4) building a dam and a
  power plant to use water to generate
  electricity