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Chapter 13 Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Computers: Understanding Technology, 3e


1
Chapter 13
Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence
2
Presentation Overview
  • The Use of Multimedia
  • Creating Digital Media
  • Creating Multimedia
  • Artificial Intelligence

3
The Use of Multimedia
  • Multimedia Web Pages

4
The Use of Multimedia
  • Multimedia Web Pages
  • Flash and Shockwave are leading sources of Web
    movies and games

5
The Use of Multimedia
  • Multimedia Web Pages
  • Flash and Shockwave are leading sources of Web
    movies and games
  • Shockwave more intensive format, requiring more
    time to download larger 3-D movies

6
The Use of Multimedia
  • Multimedia Web Pages
  • Flash and Shockwave are leading sources of Web
    movies and games
  • Shockwave more intensive format, requiring more
    time to download larger 3-D movies
  • Flash faster and commonly used for cartoonlike
    imagery

7
The Use of Multimedia
  • Multimedia Web Pages
  • Flash and Shockwave are leading sources of Web
    movies and games
  • Shockwave more intensive format, requiring more
    time to download larger 3-D movies
  • Flash faster and commonly used for cartoonlike
    imagery
  • both provide fast, easily created movies that
    transmit over Internet as part of a Web page

8
The Use of Multimedia
  • Educational Tools

9
The Use of Multimedia
  • Educational Tools
  • schools and colleges use online courses as
    valuable teaching medium

10
The Use of Multimedia
  • Educational Tools
  • schools and colleges use online courses as
    valuable teaching medium
  • online courses incorporate sound, images, and
    videos within a text framework

11
The Use of Multimedia
  • Educational Tools
  • schools and colleges use online courses as
    valuable teaching medium
  • online courses incorporate sound, images, and
    videos within a text framework
  • multimedia tutorials are helpful for special
    education students because materials are
    presented in various forms

12
The Use of Multimedia
  • Computer Games

13
The Use of Multimedia
  • Computer Games
  • about 50 percent of Americans play computer games
    on a regular basis

14
The Use of Multimedia
  • Computer Games
  • about 50 percent of Americans play computer games
    on a regular basis
  • game consoles rival personal computers for power
    and are priced under 300

15
The Use of Multimedia
  • Computer Games
  • about 50 percent of Americans play computer games
    on a regular basis
  • game consoles rival personal computers for power
    and are priced under 300
  • online games involve thousands of players and
    enable them to chat, have adventures, and
    interact in worlds that exist only inside a
    computer

16
The Use of Multimedia
  • Computer Games
  • multimedia PCs are most costly and high-powered
    computers on consumer market

17
The Use of Multimedia
  • Computer Games
  • multimedia PCs are most costly and high-powered
    computers on consumer market
  • running a game makes a computer work harder than
    any other task because it requires fast 3-D
    video, sound, and networkingoften all at once

18
The Use of Multimedia
  • Online Gaming Terminology

19
The Use of Multimedia
  • Online Gaming Terminology (continued)

20
Creating Digital Media
  • Digitizing reducing a picture, sound, text, or
    movie to a series of on-off settings that can be
    stored on a computer.

21
Creating Digital Media
  • Digitizing reducing a picture, sound, text, or
    movie to a series of on-off settings that can be
    stored on a computer.
  • Digital media an advantage over analog data
    because it can be reproduced an infinite number
    of times with no degradation of quality.

22
Creating Digital Media
  • Painting and Drawing Programs

23
Creating Digital Media
  • Painting and Drawing Programs
  • Bitmap-based (paint) graphics programs provide
    tools that users can use to create and edit
    drawings by changing pixels from white to black
    or color.

24
Creating Digital Media
  • Painting and Drawing Programs
  • Bitmap-based (paint) graphics programs provide
    tools that users can use to create and edit
    drawings by changing pixels from white to black
    or color.
  • Vector-based (draw) graphics programs provide
    tools that users can use to create, edit, and
    combine mathematically defined geometric shapes.

25
Creating Digital Media
Some Standard Graphics File Formats
26
Creating Digital Media
  • Graphics File Formats

27
Creating Digital Media
  • Graphics File Formats
  • Native format format that is specific to the
    application in which it is made

28
Creating Digital Media
  • Graphics File Formats
  • Native format format that is specific to the
    application in which it is made
  • Exporting saving graphic in a standard file
    format

29
Creating Digital Media
  • Graphics File Formats
  • Native format format that is specific to the
    application in which it is made
  • Exporting saving graphic in a standard file
    format
  • Importing placing a graphic from a standard
    file format into another document or file

30
Creating Digital Media
  • Graphics File Formats
  • Native format format that is specific to the
    application in which it is made
  • Exporting saving graphic in a standard file
    format
  • Importing placing a graphic from a standard
    file format into another document or file
  • Data compression conversion program can
    compress a bitmap image into another file format
    that looks almost as good and requires less file
    space

31
Creating Digital Media
  • Shown here are a compressed bitmap file and an
    uncompressed bitmap file of the same image

32
Creating Digital Media
  • Vector Graphics

33
Creating Digital Media
  • Vector Graphics
  • stored as a series of codes representing
    different shapes, each with a color, size, and
    starting position

34
Creating Digital Media
  • Vector Graphics
  • stored as a series of codes representing
    different shapes, each with a color, size, and
    starting position
  • cannot reproduce a detailed image such as a face

35
Creating Digital Media
  • Vector Graphics
  • stored as a series of codes representing
    different shapes, each with a color, size, and
    starting position
  • cannot reproduce a detailed image such as a face
  • wireframe diagram can use three-dimensional
    techniques to create, using vector graphics, a
    wireframe that can be stretched and rotated as
    desired bitmaps are drawn on top of the
    wireframe to create a three-dimensional effect

36
Creating Digital Media
  • Clip Art Images

37
Creating Digital Media
  • Clip Art Images
  • icon-like images that are sizable and can be
    inserted into the text of a report or Web pages
    to liven up the screen

38
Creating Digital Media
  • Clip Art Images
  • icon-like images that are sizable and can be
    inserted into the text of a report or Web pages
    to liven up the screen
  • somewhat generic, tending to feature items such
    as images of spinning globes, stop signs, or
    stylized computers

39
Creating Digital Media
  • Raster Image Editing

40
Creating Digital Media
  • Raster Image Editing
  • Adobe Photoshop and Corel Photo House can edit
    digitized photographs

41
Creating Digital Media
  • Raster Image Editing
  • Adobe Photoshop and Corel Photo House can edit
    digitized photographs
  • digitized photographs are stored as raster
    images, or a collection of pixels

42
Creating Digital Media
  • Raster Image Editing
  • Adobe Photoshop and Corel Photo House can edit
    digitized photographs
  • digitized photographs are stored as raster
    images, or a collection of pixels
  • most common file format used for digitized photos
    is the Tag Image File Format (TIFF or TIF)

43
Creating Digital Media
  • 3-D Modeling Programs

44
Creating Digital Media
  • 3-D Modeling Programs
  • create what appears to be three-dimensional
    objects on a two-dimensional surface

45
Creating Digital Media
  • 3-D Modeling Programs
  • create what appears to be three-dimensional
    objects on a two-dimensional surface
  • requires combined talents of an artist and an
    advanced computer user

46
Creating Digital Media
  • 3-D Modeling Programs
  • create what appears to be three-dimensional
    objects on a two-dimensional surface
  • requires combined talents of an artist and an
    advanced computer user
  • requires enormous computing power

47
Creating Digital Media
  • Computer Animation

48
Creating Digital Media
  • Computer Animation
  • computer graphic special effects (CG FX) allow
    users to draw computer animated graphics

49
Creating Digital Media
  • Computer Animation
  • computer graphic special effects (CG FX) allow
    users to draw computer animated graphics
  • far cheaper to create computer animated graphics
    than use traditional techniques

50
Creating Digital Media
  • Computer Animation
  • computer graphic special effects (CG FX) allow
    users to draw computer animated graphics
  • far cheaper to create computer animated graphics
    than use traditional techniques
  • animated graphics are easily manipulated so that
    any image can be redrawn until it is just right

51
Creating Digital Media
  • The sound of someone singing is captured by
    sampling the sound and then storing the
    measurements in binary format for use by the
    computer.

52
Creating Digital Media
  • Wave Files

53
Creating Digital Media
  • Wave Files
  • records any kind of sound by storing masses of
    binary numbers and measuring exactly how much
    voltage to send out to the speakers each fraction
    of a second in order to reproduce the sound

54
Creating Digital Media
  • Wave Files
  • records any kind of sound by storing masses of
    binary numbers and measuring exactly how much
    voltage to send out to the speakers each fraction
    of a second in order to reproduce the sound
  • a human voice sounds very real at a sampling rate
    of 11 KHz

55
Creating Digital Media
  • Wave Files
  • records any kind of sound by storing masses of
    binary numbers and measuring exactly how much
    voltage to send out to the speakers each fraction
    of a second in order to reproduce the sound
  • a human voice sounds very real at a sampling rate
    of 11 KHz
  • clear, sharp musical reproductions are recorded
    at 44 KHz

56
Creating Digital Media
  • Musical Instrument Digital Interface

57
Creating Digital Media
  • Musical Instrument Digital Interface
  • digitally simulates musical instruments

58
Creating Digital Media
  • Musical Instrument Digital Interface
  • digitally simulates musical instruments
  • MIDI file only needs to know which notes to play
    on each instrument to reproduce music

59
Creating Digital Media
  • Musical Instrument Digital Interface
  • digitally simulates musical instruments
  • MIDI file only needs to know which notes to play
    on each instrument to reproduce music
  • used to create background music for games

60
Creating Digital Media
  • Musical Instrument Digital Interface
  • digitally simulates musical instruments
  • MIDI file only needs to know which notes to play
    on each instrument to reproduce music
  • used to create background music for games
  • MIDI files reproduce rather poorly on PCs

61
Creating Digital Media
  • MP3 Sound Compression Technique

62
Creating Digital Media
  • MP3 Sound Compression Technique
  • takes a wave file and reduces it by 90, leaving
    behind a high-quality reproduction

63
Creating Digital Media
  • MP3 Sound Compression Technique
  • takes a wave file and reduces it by 90, leaving
    behind a high-quality reproduction
  • uses a data compression system that works in a
    similar fashion to JPEG or GIF formats

64
Creating Digital Media
  • MP3 Sound Compression Technique
  • takes a wave file and reduces it by 90, leaving
    behind a high-quality reproduction
  • uses a data compression system that works in a
    similar fashion to JPEG or GIF formats
  • possible for a device the size of a credit card
    to hold an entire library of music

65
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Movies

66
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Movies
  • significantly enhance the movie-viewing
    experience through their high-quality sound and
    pictures

67
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Movies
  • significantly enhance the movie-viewing
    experience through their high-quality sound and
    pictures
  • do not degrade with each showing and therefore do
    not skip, buzz, or flicker

68
Creating Digital Media
  • Movie Compression Techniques

69
Creating Digital Media
  • Movie Compression Techniques
  • MPEG file format the movie equivalent of the
    MP3 music format

70
Creating Digital Media
  • Movie Compression Techniques
  • MPEG file format movie equivalent of the MP3
    music format
  • MPEG2 file format high-quality format DVD
    players use

71
Creating Digital Media
  • Movie Compression Techniques
  • MPEG file format movie equivalent of the MP3
    music format
  • MPEG2 file format high-quality format DVD
    players use
  • MOV file format apple format

72
Creating Digital Media
  • Movie Compression Techniques
  • MPEG file format movie equivalent of the MP3
    music format
  • MPEG2 file format high-quality format DVD
    players use
  • MOV file format apple format
  • AVI file format older Windows format

73
Creating Digital Media
  • Movie Compression Techniques
  • MPEG file format movie equivalent of the MP3
    music format
  • MPEG2 file format high-quality format DVD
    players use
  • MOV file format apple format
  • AVI file format older Windows format
  • Flash moving images for Web pages

74
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Cable

75
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Cable
  • offers wide selection of stations, typically
    several hundred, with the capability of expanding
    to 2,000 stations

76
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Cable
  • offers wide selection of stations, typically
    several hundred, with the capability of expanding
    to 2,000 stations
  • provides clearer picture but takes longer to come
    into focus

77
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Cable
  • offers wide selection of stations, typically
    several hundred, with the capability of expanding
    to 2,000 stations
  • provides clearer picture but takes longer to come
    into focus
  • provides easily accessible information buttons
    and scheduling data

78
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Video Recorder (DVR)

79
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
  • operates as a digital TV cable box and can also
    perform the job of HD TV support

80
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
  • operates as a digital TV cable box and can also
    perform the job of HD TV support
  • records TV on a hard drive inside the box

81
Creating Digital Media
  • Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
  • operates as a digital TV cable box and can also
    perform the job of HD TV support
  • records TV on a hard drive inside the box
  • is able to pause and rewind live TV for later
    viewing

82
Creating Digital Media
  • High-Definition TV

83
Creating Digital Media
  • High-Definition TV
  • has more lines and more pixelsthus, higher
    resolution

84
Creating Digital Media
  • High-Definition TV
  • has more lines and more pixelsthus, higher
    resolution
  • offers sharper picture quality

85
Creating Digital Media
  • High-Definition TV
  • has more lines and more pixelsthus, higher
    resolution
  • offers sharper picture quality
  • requires stations to buy expensive new hardware

86
Creating Digital Media
  • High-Definition TV
  • has more lines and more pixelsthus, higher
    resolution
  • offers sharper picture quality
  • requires stations to buy expensive new hardware
  • increased bandwidth forces some TV cable networks
    to remove channels from their list

87
Creating Multimedia
  • Steps in Creating Multimedia

88
Creating Multimedia
  • Steps in Creating Multimedia
  • plan the work

89
Creating Multimedia
  • Steps in Creating Multimedia
  • plan the work
  • create the elements to be included in the work

90
Creating Multimedia
  • Steps in Creating Multimedia
  • plan the work
  • create the elements to be included in the work
  • combine the elements to create the work

91
Creating Multimedia
  • Steps in Creating Multimedia
  • plan the work
  • create the elements to be included in the work
  • combine the elements to create the work
  • write the work to a portable storage medium such
    as a CD-ROM, or post the work on the Web

92
Creating Multimedia
  • Sequential Page-Based Multimedia

93
Creating Multimedia
  • Sequential Page-Based Multimedia
  • sequence of pages or slides appearing one after
    the other and incorporating elements such as
    text, sound, graphics, and video

94
Creating Multimedia
  • Sequential Page-Based Multimedia
  • sequence of pages or slides appearing one after
    the other and incorporating elements such as
    text, sound, graphics, and video
  • material is presented in a fixed order

95
Creating Multimedia
  • Sequential Page-Based Multimedia
  • sequence of pages or slides appearing one after
    the other and incorporating elements such as
    text, sound, graphics, and video
  • material is presented in a fixed order
  • appropriate for sales presentations, lectures, or
    step-by-step descriptions of how to accomplish a
    task

96
Creating Multimedia
  • Hypertext Page-Based Multimedia

97
Creating Multimedia
  • Hypertext Page-Based Multimedia
  • set of pages containing links that can be
    followed at will

98
Creating Multimedia
  • Hypertext Page-Based Multimedia
  • set of pages containing links that can be
    followed at will
  • user can move from page to page or click on links
    to graphics, text, sound, or video files

99
Creating Multimedia
  • Hypertext Page-Based Multimedia
  • set of pages containing links that can be
    followed at will
  • user can move from page to page or click on links
    to graphics, text, sound, or video files
  • author prepares a tree diagram showing links
    between pages

100
Creating Multimedia
  • This tree diagram shows links between pages in a
    simple multimedia presentation.

101
Creating Multimedia
  • Movie-Based Multimedia

102
Creating Multimedia
  • Movie-Based Multimedia
  • work can be a movie or series of movies that stop
    from time to time, enabling users to follow links

103
Creating Multimedia
  • Movie-Based Multimedia
  • work can be a movie or series of movies that stop
    from time to time, enabling users to follow links
  • a storyboard is prepared to plan sequential
    page-based multimedia or movie-based multimedia

104
Creating Multimedia
  • Movie-Based Multimedia
  • work can be a movie or series of movies that stop
    from time to time, enabling users to follow links
  • a storyboard is prepared to plan sequential
    page-based multimedia or movie-based multimedia
  • storyboards consist of sketches of the pages or
    frames as they will appear in the final work

105
Creating Multimedia
  • Creating the Content of the Work

106
Creating Multimedia
  • Creating the Content of the Work
  • text prepared using a word processing program

107
Creating Multimedia
  • Creating the Content of the Work
  • text prepared using a word processing program
  • graphics created in painting, drawing, or 3-D
    modeling programs, or taken from clip art or
    stock sources

108
Creating Multimedia
  • Creating the Content of the Work
  • text prepared using a word processing program
  • graphics created in painting, drawing, or 3-D
    modeling programs, or taken from clip art or
    stock sources
  • images produced by traditional means or scanned
    and edited in a graphics program

109
Creating Multimedia
  • Hardware/Software for Creating Multimedia

110
Creating Multimedia
  • Hardware/Software for Creating Multimedia
  • sound digitizing card enables computer to capture
    and process digitized sounds

111
Creating Multimedia
  • Hardware/Software for Creating Multimedia
  • sound digitizing card enables computer to capture
    and process digitized sounds
  • programs such as SoundEdit and Deck capture and
    edit sounds

112
Creating Multimedia
  • Hardware/Software for Creating Multimedia
  • sound digitizing card enables computer to capture
    and process digitized sounds
  • programs such as SoundEdit and Deck capture and
    edit sounds
  • video digitizing card captures and digitizes
    video images and sound

113
Creating Multimedia
  • Hardware/Software for Creating Multimedia
  • sound digitizing card enables computer to capture
    and process digitized sounds
  • programs such as SoundEdit and Deck capture and
    edit sounds
  • video digitizing card captures and digitizes
    video images and sound
  • programs such as VideoVision and Adobe Premier
    capture and edit images

114
Creating Multimedia
  • Combining the Elements

115
Creating Multimedia
  • Combining the Elements
  • simplest works are documents that move from page
    to page invoking multimedia elements placed on
    the pages

116
Creating Multimedia
  • Combining the Elements
  • simplest works are documents that move from page
    to page invoking multimedia elements placed on
    the pages
  • more complex works use PDF files incorporating
    pages created in other programs such as graphics,
    presentation, or page layout programs

117
Creating Multimedia
  • Combining the Elements
  • simplest works are documents that move from page
    to page invoking multimedia elements placed on
    the pages
  • more complex works use PDF files incorporating
    pages created in other programs such as graphics,
    presentation, or page layout programs
  • most complex works save elements as single tracks
    that are combined and synchronized into a single
    file

118
Artificial Intelligence
  • The goal of artificial intelligence (AI) is to
    develop computers that can perform functions
    normally reserved for humans thinking, talking,
    seeing, feeling, walking, and learning from their
    mistakes.

119
Artificial Intelligence
  • AI Technology Trends

120
Artificial Intelligence
  • AI Technology Trends
  • moving toward limited, focused applications

121
Artificial Intelligence
  • AI Technology Trends
  • moving toward limited, focused applications
  • goal of AI has shifted to augmenting human
    capabilities rather than supplanting them

122
Artificial Intelligence
  • AI Technology Trends
  • moving toward limited, focused applications
  • goal of AI has shifted to augmenting human
    capabilities rather than supplanting them
  • three primary areas of artificial intelligence
    applications are cognitive science, natural
    interfaces, and robotics

123
Artificial Intelligence
  • Three primary areas of artificial intelligence
    applications are cognitive science, natural
    interfaces, and robotics.

124
Artificial Intelligence
  • Cognitive Science Application

125
Artificial Intelligence
  • Cognitive Science Application
  • the study and simulation of the human mind

126
Artificial Intelligence
  • Cognitive Science Application
  • the study and simulation of the human mind
  • based on biology, neurology, psychology, and
    other disciplines

127
Artificial Intelligence
  • Cognitive Science Application
  • the study and simulation of the human mind
  • based on biology, neurology, psychology, and
    other disciplines
  • focuses on researching how the human brain thinks
    and learns

128
Artificial Intelligence
  • Cognitive Science Application
  • the study and simulation of the human mind
  • based on biology, neurology, psychology, and
    other disciplines
  • focuses on researching how the human brain thinks
    and learns
  • types of applications are intelligent agents,
    experts systems, data mining, genetic algorithms,
    fuzzy logic, and neural networks

129
Artificial Intelligence
  • Intelligent Agent

130
Artificial Intelligence
  • Intelligent Agent
  • provides an intuitive assistant (agent) that can
    utilize knowledge based on past experience and
    predictions of likely future behavior

131
Artificial Intelligence
  • Intelligent Agent
  • provides an intuitive assistant (agent) that can
    utilize knowledge based on past experience and
    predictions of likely future behavior
  • agents goal is to reduce difficult tasks down to
    a few simple mouse clicks that can be completed
    quickly

132
Artificial Intelligence
  • Expert System

133
Artificial Intelligence
  • Expert System
  • embodies human expertise in a particular field

134
Artificial Intelligence
  • Expert System
  • embodies human expertise in a particular field
  • works by questioning the user and then drawing a
    conclusion from the information provided

135
Artificial Intelligence
  • Expert System
  • embodies human expertise in a particular field
  • works by questioning the user and then drawing a
    conclusion from the information provided
  • a knowledge engineer specializes in building
    knowledge bases of rules the computer can prove
    or disprove

136
Artificial Intelligence
  • Expert System
  • embodies human expertise in a particular field
  • works by questioning the user and then drawing a
    conclusion from the information provided
  • a knowledge engineer specializes in building
    knowledge bases of rules the computer can prove
    or disprove
  • an inference engine asks the questions and draws
    the conclusions

137
Artificial Intelligence
  • Data Mining

138
Artificial Intelligence
  • Data Mining
  • finds new ways to use masses of data stored in
    databases of large corporations

139
Artificial Intelligence
  • Data Mining
  • finds new ways to use masses of data stored in
    databases of large corporations
  • sorts existing data to provide more carefully
    targeted marketing and pricing of products

140
Artificial Intelligence
  • Data Mining
  • finds new ways to use masses of data stored in
    databases of large corporations
  • sorts existing data to provide more carefully
    targeted marketing and pricing of products
  • able to determine with good accuracy whether a
    new offering will succeed or fail

141
Artificial Intelligence
  • Genetic Algorithms

142
Artificial Intelligence
  • Genetic Algorithms
  • applies a Darwinian (survival of the fittest)
    method to problem solving

143
Artificial Intelligence
  • Genetic Algorithms
  • applies a Darwinian (survival of the fittest)
    method to problem solving
  • uses a computer to create thousands or millions
    of slightly varied designs and then tests and
    selects the best of them

144
Artificial Intelligence
  • Genetic Algorithms
  • applies a Darwinian (survival of the fittest)
    method to problem solving
  • uses a computer to create thousands or millions
    of slightly varied designs and then tests and
    selects the best of them
  • chooses most successful designs for new
    mutations, producing crossovers by mixing
    together traits of the survivors

145
Artificial Intelligence
  • Fuzzy Logic System

146
Artificial Intelligence
  • Fuzzy Logic System
  • attempts to model human reasoning by allowing for
    approximations and incomplete input data

147
Artificial Intelligence
  • Fuzzy Logic System
  • attempts to model human reasoning by allowing for
    approximations and incomplete input data
  • allows users to input fuzzy data

148
Artificial Intelligence
  • Fuzzy Logic System
  • attempts to model human reasoning by allowing for
    approximations and incomplete input data
  • allows users to input fuzzy data
  • works more naturally with the user by piecing
    together an answer similar to what a traditional
    expert system uses

149
Artificial Intelligence
  • Comparison of traditional SQL query and
    equivalent fuzzy logic query

150
Artificial Intelligence
  • Neural Network

151
Artificial Intelligence
  • Neural Network
  • simulates the physical workings of the human mind

152
Artificial Intelligence
  • Neural Network
  • simulates the physical workings of the human mind
  • generally starts off with only an input source,
    some form of output, and a goal

153
Artificial Intelligence
  • Neural Network
  • simulates the physical workings of the human mind
  • generally starts off with only an input source,
    some form of output, and a goal
  • learns by trial and error how a desired output
    affects the input

154
Artificial Intelligence
  • Neural Network
  • simulates the physical workings of the human mind
  • generally starts off with only an input source,
    some form of output, and a goal
  • learns by trial and error how a desired output
    affects the input
  • the gain controls the change rate of the firing
    threshold of the neurons which, in turn, controls
    how fast a system will learn or unlearn something

155
Artificial Intelligence
  • Natural Interface Applications

156
Artificial Intelligence
  • Natural Interface Applications
  • Speech recognition computer can take dictation
    and perform requested actions

157
Artificial Intelligence
  • Natural Interface Applications
  • Speech recognition computer can take dictation
    and perform requested actions
  • Natural language interfaces goal is a machine
    that can read a set of news articles on any topic
    and understand what it has read

158
Artificial Intelligence
  • Natural Interface Applications
  • Virtual reality characterized in terms of its
    immersiveness, which measures how real the
    simulated world feels and how well it can make
    users accept it as their own

159
Artificial Intelligence
  • Natural Interface Applications
  • Virtual reality characterized in terms of its
    immersiveness, which measures how real the
    simulated world feels and how well it can make
    users accept it as their own
  • Mental interfaces uses sensors mounted around
    the skull to read alpha brain waves measures
    brain activity and interprets it as a command

160
Artificial Intelligence
  • Robots as Androids

161
Artificial Intelligence
  • Robots as Androids
  • Robots machines capable of independent movement

162
Artificial Intelligence
  • Robots as Androids
  • Robots machines capable of independent movement
  • Androids simulated humans

163
Artificial Intelligence
  • Robots as Androids
  • Robots machines capable of independent movement
  • Androids simulated humans
  • Visual perception computer security programs
    exist that recognize an individual human
    thumbprint or face

164
Artificial Intelligence
  • Robots as Androids
  • Robots machines capable of independent movement
  • Androids simulated humans
  • Visual perception computer security programs
    exist that recognize an individual human
    thumbprint or face
  • Audio perception identifying a single voice and
    interpreting what is being said amid background
    noise is a goal of programmers

165
Artificial Intelligence
  • Robots as Androids
  • Tactile perception robot must be able to feel
    an object AND must be able to sense how much
    pressure to apply to that object must be
    dexterous enough to perform small actions such as
    placing a chip at a precise spot in a circuit
    board

166
Artificial Intelligence
  • Robots as Androids
  • Tactile perception robot must be able to feel
    an object AND must be able to sense how much
    pressure to apply to that object must be
    dexterous enough to perform small actions such as
    placing a chip at a precise spot in a circuit
    board
  • Locomotion most mobile robots use wheels or
    treads which limit mobility but make them easier
    to control

167
Artificial Intelligence
  • Robots as Androids
  • Navigation robot can plot a course to a
    location using an internal map built up by a
    navigational perception system

168
On the Horizon
  • Based on the information presented in this
    chapter and your own experience, what do you
    think is on the horizon?
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