Title: Special Nutritional Needs
1Special Nutritional Needs
2Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Refer to picture
- Each person requires a different amount of
nutrients and food
3Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Stages of the Life Cycle
- Pregancy
- Lactation
- Infancy (0-12 months)
- Toddler (1-3 years)
- Preschool (3 years)
- School-aged
- Teen-aged
- Adults
- Older Adults (50 years)
4Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Pregnancy
- Choosing low-fat, nutrient dense foods
- Increase calories based on Drs recommendation
- Extra helpings of dairy items
- Reduce Caffeine intake
- Iron needs to double
- Folic acidWhy?
- Contaminants in foods can cause problems
- Fish (tuna, swordfish, etc.)
5Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Pregnancy
- Poor eating habits place the baby at risk for
serious problems - Inadequate nutrition can damage the mothers
health also. - Baby pulls nutrients from mothers supply
- Teen pregnancy
- Teens need added nutrients for their own growth
and development - Increase in low birth weight, physical, and
learning problems
6LactationFeeding Your Child
- Nutritional Needs
- Increase water, calcium, protein, folic acid.
- Increase calories based upon body weight.
- Foods to Avoid
- Eat no more than two meals per week of fish high
in mercury.
7Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Infancy
- (0-12 months)
- The infant body grows more at this period of time
than any other in life. - Good nutrition is critical for keeping the infant
healthy.
8Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Infancy
- Breast-feeding vs. Bottle-feeding
- Both provide all the nutrients needed
- Yet, breast milk is recommended
- Why?
- This milk has the right balance of fat, carbs,
and protein for the baby. - Lowers the rate of infections
- Mother passes immunities to baby through
colostrum - Lactation
- Mother is burning calories while producing milk
therefore she still needs to eat nutritiously. - Watch out for spicy foods, acidic foods, etc.
- No alcohol or drugs!!!
9Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Infancy
- 4-6 months--Add solid foodsmash, iron-fortified
cereal - Introduce one food at a timeWhy?
- 9 monthsself feeding
- Example of finger foods.
- Watch for food allergies these could be deadly
10Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Infancy
- Foods to Avoid
- Avoid honey or corn syrup.
- Beware of choking risks.
- Eat no more than two meals per week of fish high
in mercury. - Withhold juice until 6 months of age.
- Need whole milk for infants up to two years of age
11Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Toddler
- (1-3 years)
- Nutritional Needs
- Increase iron.
- Introduce new flavors and textures in order to
increase the variety of foods. - Increase self-feeding. This becomes an important
developmental milestone.
- Foods to Avoid
- Eat no more than two meals per week of fish high
in mercury. - No hot dogs, nuts, seeds, chunks of meat or
cheese, whole grapes, hard, gooey, or sticky
candy, popcorn, chunks or peanut butter, raw
vegetables, raisins, or chewing gum. - No more than 16-24 ounces of milk or 4-6 ounces
of juice/day. - Servings should be ¼ size of adults.
12Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Preschool
- (3 years)
- Nutritional Needs
- Need same variety of foods as adults but in
smaller proportions. - Serve about 2/3 of a serving.
- Entice them with foods that are bright in color,
to make it more appealing. - Encourage children to try new foods.
13Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Pre-school
- Children have small stomachs and short attention
spans - Try small meals and regular snacks throughout the
day - Appetite varies depending on growth
- During growth spurts they may eat more
14Eating Through the Life Cycle
- School-aged
- 2nd most rapid growth period of life
- Need for calcium and iron for bone growth is of
most importance - Like toddlers, teens have growth spurtsincrease
in caloric needs - Continue healthy eating habits
- Dieting, losing weight, etc can be harmful
15Eating Through the Life Cycle
- School Age
- Girls need 2200 kcal per day
- Boys need 2800 kcal per day
- Foods to Avoid
- High-sugar snacks
- Fatty foods
16Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Teens
- Nutritional Needs
- Eat more carbohydrates.
- Females need more calcium and iron.
- Foods to Avoid
- Avoid fried and saturated fats, excessive salt
and sugars.
17Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Adulthood
- Dilemma
- Need for nutrients but less calories
- Need for exercise but no time
- Solution
- Choosing a variety of healthful, low-calorie food
- Making regular physical activity a priority
18Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Older Adults
- (50 years)
- Nutritional Needs
- More vitamin B6, B12, and vitamin D and calcium.
- Follow dietary guideline daily.
- Foods to Avoid
- Eat no more than two meals per week of fish high
in mercury. - No unpasteurized cheese, raw fish, raw milk, soft
cheese, lightly cooked egg, raw meat or poultry
or raw sprouts.
19Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Older Adults
- Good nutrition longer life
- Why
- Should choose nutrient-dense foods
- Thirst signals decline therefore adults need make
sure to get 8-8oz cups a day
20Eating Through the Life Cycle
- Older adults
- Men over 51 need 2300 calories per day
- Women over 51 need 1900 calories per day
- Problems
- Low income
- Disabilities
- Depression
21Foods IObj. 4.02 Nutrition and Chronic
Conditions
21
5.02F Nutrition and Chronic Conditions
22Nutrition and Chronic Conditions
- The following chronic conditions may be affected
by managing ones eating patterns include - High Blood Cholesterol
- Hypertension/High blood pressure
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Osteoporosis
- Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge Eating
23Special Diets High Blood Pressure
- A risk factor for heart disease
- 1 killer of women in US
- Reduce sodium and saturated fats
- Diet rich in calcium, potassium, and magnesium
24Special Diets High cholesterol
- Causes
- Eating Fatty (saturated fats) foods
- Eating High cholesterol foods
- Lack of Fiber in the diet
- Increase risk of heart disease and stroke
- Symptoms
- Elevated blood pressure
- Elevated HDL/LDL levels
- Foods to include
- Low-fat or Fat-free
- Whole grains
- Lean meats
- Fish
- Fresh fruits and vegetables
- Foods to avoid
- Partially hydrogenated oils
- Processed snack foods
- Highly marbled meats
25Special DietsDiabetesType II
- What is it?
- A condition in which the body cannot control
blood sugar levels - If left untreated it can cause severe damage to
the bodyespecially the kidneys, eyes, and heart - To controlcarbs are rationed through regular
meals and careful food choices
- Causes
- Eating foods high in sugar
- Excessive body weight
- Low consumption of fiber
- Symptoms
- Excessive thirst
- Fatigue
- Foods to include
- Low-sugar and sugar-free
- Protein foods
- Whole grains
- Reduced-fat and fat-free
- Foods to avoid
- Foods that are high in sugar
- Foods that are high in carbohydrates
26Obesity
- 65 of all adults are overweight
- Number of children under the age of 18 who are
overweight has doubled in the last 30 years - Why?
27Obesity
- Foods to Include
- Smaller portions
- Reduced-fat or fat free
- Whole grains
- Fish
- Fresh fruits and vegetables
- Foods that Impact
- Highly processed snack foods
- Low-fiber content
- High-fat foods
28Portions
29Obesity
- Health problems
- Excess weight added strain on bones, muscles,
and internal organs - Walking and breathing take extra effort
- Heat and humidity increase stress
- High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke,
diabetes, certain types of cancers - Over 15 can raise chance of early death
30Fad Diets
- A diet that is popular for a short period of time
- Cabbage Diet
- South Beach Diet
- Fad Diets
31Ideal Body Myth
- Fashion model (female)
- 510 120
- Average female
- 54 152
- Fashion model (male)
- 60 155
- Average male
- 59 180
32 33Barbies Proportions
- Real Women
- Average womans height is 5'4?
- Their weight is approx. 140 lbs.
- They wear a size 14 dress
- Their bust is between 36? and 37? (B cup)
- Their waist is between 30? and 34?
- Their hips average between 40? and 42?
- Their shoe size is estimated to be between 8.5
and 9.5
- Barbie (as a human)
- Barbies height would be 7'2?
- Her weight would be 101 lbs.
- She would wear a size 4 dress
- Her bust would be 39? (FF cup)
- Her waist would be 19? (same as her head)
- Her hips would be 33?
- Her shoe size would be a 5
34Additional Information
- Barbies body would have room for only half of a
liver and only a few inches of intestines - As opposed to the usual 26 feet.
- The result chronic diarrhea and death from
malabsorption malnutrition. - Barbies neck is twice as long as the average
humans - Making it impossible to hold up her head.
- Barbies waist is the same circumference as her
head. - There are 3 billion women on the planet who dont
look like Barbie only 8 women come close.
- To look like a barbie proportionally, a healthy
woman would need to - add 2 feet to her height,
- subtract 6 inches from her waist,
- add 5 inches to her chest, and
- 3 inches to her neck length.
- If a woman had the same measurements as Barbie,
she would not have enough body fat to menstruate
(and obviously to have children). - Barbies legs are 50 longer than her arms,
whereas the average womans legs are only 20
longer than her arms. - Barbie would be unable to walk upright (she would
need to walk on all 4s) - Her feet are so proportionately small that her
chest would pull her perpetually forward onto her
toes.
35Why are these unreal for the average American?
- Bodys type is combination of general body shape
and height - Determined by parents through genes
- Models achieve ideals through strict diets,
exercise, and photo touch-ups. - How do they do it?
- Dove clip
- Evolution--Dove
- Can you tell the difference?
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46Underweight
- Who?
- Models, jockeys, wrestlers, etc.
- Problem
- Not eating enough nutrients to meet bodys needs
47Underweight
- Health problems
- Suffer from infections
- Tire easily
- Cold
- Why?
48Eating Disorders
- Conditions marked by extreme emotions, attitudes,
and behaviors related to food, eating, and
weight. - May cause damage to health or threaten life
49Anorexia Nervosa
- An intense fear of gaining weightsee self as fat
- Develop unusual eating habits
- Strenuous exercising
50Anorexia Nervosa
- Starvation diet takes a toll on the body
- Lower heart rate
- Breathing rate
- Blood pressure
- Body temp
- Lead to heart probs, osteoporosis, constipation
- Stunt growth
- Stop menstrual cycle
51Anorexia Nervosa
- Kills approximately 5 of all who suffer from it
- Death by heart attack, electrolyte imbalance, and
suicide
52Results of Eating Disorders
- Karen Carpenter (32) musician
- Went on a water diet to lose weight. Died of
cardiac arrest due to anorexia and weighed only
80 lbs. - Christy Henrich (22) gymnast
- Told to lose weight in order to make the Olympic
team. She died of multiple organ failure, as a
result of anorexia. She weighed only 60 lbs.
53Those Who Have Struggled With Eating Disorders
- Paula Abdul
- Dancer, choreographer and singer
- battled bulimia
- Kelly Clarkson
- The 'American Idol' winner
- struggled with bulimia for six months until
friends discovered her secret and begged her to
get help. - Oprah Winfrey
- TV personality
- "It's always a struggle. I've felt safer and more
protected when I was heavy. Food has always been
comforting."
54Binge Eating Disorder
- Eat abnormally large amounts of food in a short
time - Approximately 3,000-5,000 in one sitting
- Occurs when alone followed by feelings of guilt,
disgust, and depression
55Binge Eating Disorder
- Unbalanced diet and emotional distress can lead
to - Leads to excessive weight gain
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
56Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge eating is followed by purging to rid the
body of the food and calories and prevent weight
gain - 2 or more times a week
- Purging includes
- Self-induced vomiting
- Abuse of laxatives
- Diet pills
- Diuretics (water-removal pills)_
- Fasting
- Excessive exercise
57Bulimia Nervosa
- Bulimia hides itself well
- Fear getting fat but usually stay 10-15 pounds
within healthy weight - Signs of bulimia
- Missing food
- Empty containers
- Discovery of laxatives
- Long periods in bathroom after meals
58Bulimia Nervosa
- Health problems
- Vomit eats away at the teeth, gums, and stomach
- Constant sore throats
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Irregular heart beat and possible heart failure
- Physical signs include
- Stained, decayed teeth
- Scarred, blistered hands
- Unusual swelling around jaws
59Eating Disorders
- Discussion--
- WHY DO EATING DISORDERS EXSIST?