Endocrine System

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Endocrine System
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Vocabulary

• Hormones chemicals that travel in the blood and
  cause changes in different parts of the body
• Glands a tissue or group of tissues that make
  and release hormones
• Pituitary gland the Master Glandbecause it
  regulates and controls activities of other
  endocrine glands

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• Thyroid gland controls the rate at which the
  body uses energy
• Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in
  the blood
• Thymus gland regulates the immune system, which
  helps the body fight disease
• Adrenal glands help the body respond to stress
  and danger

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• Pancreas regulates blood sugar levels
• Ovaries (female) Testes (male) produce
  hormones involved in reproduction

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Pituitary Gland

• Known as the master gland because it regulates
  and controls activities of other endocrine glands
• 3 lobes are anterior, intermediate, and posterior.

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Growth Disorders

• Abnormal amounts can result in small stature or
  extra large stature in children
• Some people take it illegally (Stallone) and its
  long term health effects are unknown at this time

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Diseases of the Thyroid

• Graves disease hyperthyroidism overactive
  and enlarged gland produces excessive thyroxine.
  Symptoms include nervousness, weight loss,
  increased thirst, rapid heartbeat, and
  intolerance to cold
• The Actor Marty Feldman
• suffered from Graves Disease
• as does Maggie Smith

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Thyroid diseases continued

• Hypothyroidism low thyroxine production causes
  fatigue, dry skin, weight gain, constipation and
  sensitivity to cold
• Goiter enlargement of the thyroid gland, caused
  mainly by lack of iodin in the diet.
• Oprah Winfrey has been
• treated for mild hypothyroidism

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Pancreas

• Serves both the digestive and endocrine systems.
• Secretes 2 hormones that regulate the level of
  glucose in the blood glucagon and insulin.
• Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder in which
  the pancreas produces too little or no insulin,
  resulting in high blood glucose levels. Symptoms
  include fatigue, weight loss, thirst and frequent
  urination.
• Type 1 10 of all diabetics treated with
  insulin
• Type 2 18 of North Americans over 60 have
  insulin resistance treated with diet and
  insulin if needed
• Gestational Diabetes 2-5 - high blood glucose
  during pregnancy that may proceed Type 2 diabetes
  and may damage the health of the fetus and mother

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Pancreas
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Famous people with Diabetes

• Halle Berry - Diabetes didn't stop her from
  appearing as the super-powered mutant Storm in
  the X-Men movies. However, her recent statement
  that she's gone from having type 1 to type 2
  diabetes did raise a lot of eyebrows - because
  it's impossible!
• Adam Morrison - Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at
  age 14, Adam worked hard and made it all the way
  to the NBA.
• Gary Hall - This Olympic athlete didn't let type
  1 diabetes stop him from earning a gold medal in
  swimming.

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• Elliott Yamin - After being diagnosed with type 1
  diabetes at age 16, he went on to become one of
  the top singers on American Idol in 2006.
• Vanessa Williams - Not only was Vanessa the first
  African-American Miss America, she is also a
  diabetic.
• Jackie Robinson - The first black baseball player
  in the major leagues had diabetes.
• George Lucas - The creator of the Star Wars saga
  is a very mild type 2 diabetic.
• Thomas Edison - The inventor of the
  light bulb was a diabetic.

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Reproductive Hormones

• Testosterone (testes) stimulates secondary sex
  characteristics in males (ex. Facial hair,
  broader shoulders, and stimulates sperm
  production
• Estrogen (ovaries) stimulates secondary sex
  characteristics in females
• Progesterone (ovaries) allows the uterus to
  prepare for pregnancy and helps regulate the
  menstrual cycle

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Secondary Sex Characteristics
Girls average girls grow 12 inches and gain
about 40 pounds between ages 11-16, reaching her
full adult height by age 16 or 17. Other
physical changes are acne or pimples, body hair
grows, breasts develop, hips widen and
menstruation begins. Boys average boys grow 16
inches and gain about 60 pounds between ages
12-18, reaching his full adult height by age 18
or 19. Other physical changes are acne or
pimples, facial hair grows, voice deepens,
shoulders broaden and body hair grows.
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Endocrine System Health

• 7 Steps to Controlling of the Controller By
  taking charge of your lifestyle you can have a
  tremendous impact on your glandular health and
  hormonal balance. Just follow these seven simple
  steps. 1. Eat Healthy. Good quality protein and
  essential oils are most important. Eat more
  fruits, vegetables, low-fat protein and get your
  oils from fish, nuts and whole grains. 2. Let
  Go of Stress. Excess tension and negative
  emotions exhaust your adrenal glands. Learn how
  to let it go. Rest, relaxation techniques,
  exercise and a positive attitude can all help.

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• 3. Exercise Daily. Moderate regular exercise is
  a must. And it doesn't take much. A half-hour
  walk, swim or a low-impact home exercise video
  all work just fine. 4. Drink Water. Your body
  is made up mostly of water that needs to be
  replenished by at least 8 glasses a day. No other
  liquid can replace the benefits of pure water.
  5. Think Positively. Your attitude has a huge
  impact on your health, your body and how you
  feel. Learning to use your mind positively can
  make all the difference.6. Improve Your
  Lifestyle. Bad habits reek havoc on your hormonal
  system. If you want to be healthy and feel good,
  give up smoking and junky food and drinks.7.
  Take Natural Health Supplements. Research has
  proven you can't get everything you need for
  optimum health from the modern diet no matter
  how good yours is