Hazard Assessment

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Hazard Assessment
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Why Hazard Assessment?

• 29 CFR Part 1910. Subpart I
• Increases Awareness of Workplace Hazards
• Provides opportunity to identify and control
  workplace hazards
• Can lead to increased productivity
• May prevent an Occupational Injury or Illness

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What is PPE?

• Equipment worn by an employee that is designed to
  prevent injury or illness from a specific hazard.

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Before PPE

• Administrative Controls
• Change Work Practices
• Change Hazardous Duties
• Cease Hazardous Duties
• Engineering Controls
• Sound insulation
• Guards
• Tools

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Administrative Changes ! For Example.... Vs

• Working off Ladder
• Oil based paint
• Sand blasting in booth
• Jackhammering
• Gloved hand

• Working off Scaffold
• Water based paint
• Sand blasting in cabinet
• Hole Ram
• Hot Sticks

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Engineering Controls

• Machine Guards
• Sound deadening/dampening
• Shielding

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Controlling Hazards

• PPE devices alone should not be relied on to
  provide protection against hazards, but should be
  used in conjunction with guards, engineering
  controls, and sound work practices .

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Assessment and Selection

• It is necessary to consider certain general
  guidelines for assessing the foot, head, eye and
  face, and hand hazard situations that exist in an
  occupational operation or process, and to match
  the protective devices to the particular hazard.
  It is the responsibility of the supervisor to
  exercise common sense and appropriate expertise
  to accomplish these tasks.

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Assessment Guidelines.

• Conduct a walk through survey of the areas in
  question. The purpose of the survey (or field
  observation) is to identify sources of hazards to
  workers and co workers.

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Hazard Sources

• sources of MOTION
• sources of EXTREME temperatures
• types of chemical exposures
• sources of harmful dust
• sources of light radiation
• sources of falling objects or potential for
  dropping objects
• sources of sharp objects
• sources or rolling or pinching objects
• layout of workplace and location of co workers
• any electrical hazards

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In addition....

• injury/ accident data should be reviewed to help
  identify problem areas.

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Organize data

• Following the walkthrough survey, it is necessary
  to organize the data and information for use in
  the assessment of hazards. The objective is to
  prepare for an analysis of the hazards in the
  environment to enable proper selection of
  protective equipment.

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Analyze data

• Having gathered and organized data on a
  workplace, an estimate of the potential for
  injuries should be made. Each of the basic
  hazards should be reviewed and a determination
  made as to the type, level of risk. and
  seriousness of potential injury from each of the
  hazards found in the area.
• The possibility of exposure to several hazards
  simultaneously should be considered.

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Selection guidelines

• Become familiar with the potential hazards and
  the type of protective equipment that is
  available, and what it can do i.e.., splash
  protection, impact protection, etc.
• Compare the hazards associated with the
  environment i.e.., impact velocities, masses,
  projectile shape, radiation intensities, with the
  capabilities of the available protective equipment

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Selection guidelines (cont.)

• Select the protective equipment which ensures a
  level of protection greater than the minimum
  required to protect employees from the hazards.
• Fit the user with the protective device and give
  instructions on care and use of the PPE.

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Selection Note

• It is very important that end users be made aware
  of all warning labels for and limitations of
  their PPE

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Reassessment of hazards

• It is the responsibility of the supervisor to
  reassess the workplace hazard situation as
  necessary, by identifying and evaluating new
  equipment and processes, reviewing accident
  records, and reevaluating the suitability of
  previously selected PPE

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JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
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Job Safety Analysis

• The breaking down into its component parts of any
  method or procedure to determine the hazards
  connected with each key step and the requirements
  for performing it safely.

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Job Safety Analysis Priorities

• New Jobs
• Severity Potential
• History of Disabling Injuries
• Frequency of Accidents

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Job Safety Analysis

• Job means task
• (Changing a tire not auto mechanic)
• key steps
• too detailed becomes cumbersome
• not enough detail becomes useless

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Break job down into key steps AVOID!!

• making the breakdown so detailed That an
  unnecessarily large number of steps results
• making the job breakdown so general that basic
  steps are not recorded

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Key Steps TOO MUCHChanging a Flat Tire

• Pull off road
• Put car in park
• Set brake
• Activate emergency flashers
• Open door
• Get out of car
• Walk to trunk
• Put key in lock
• Open trunk
• Remove jack
• Remove Spare tire

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Key Steps NOT ENOUGHChanging a Flat Tire

• Park car
• take off flat tire
• put on spare tire
• drive away

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Key Job Steps JUST RIGHTChanging a Flat tire

• Park car, set brake
• remove jack tire from trunk
• loosen log nuts
• jack up car
• remove tire
• set new tire
• jack down car

• tighten lug nuts
• store tire jack

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Hazards

• Parking Car
• Struck by Traffic
• Removing tire jack
• Back Strain
• bang head on trunk
• Loosen lug nuts
• back/arm strain
• slip fall

• Jacking up car
• car could fall off jack
• Setting new tire
• fingers pinched
• back strain
• Tighten nuts
• back strain
• slip fall

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Work Observation

• Select experienced worker(s) who will cooperate
  and participate in the JSA process.
• Explain purpose of JSA
• Observe the employee perform the job and write
  down basic steps
• Completely describe each step
• Note deviations (Very Important!)

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Job Safety Analysis
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Identify Hazards Potential Accidents

• Search for Hazards
• Produced by Work
• Produced by Environment
• Repeat job observation as many times as necessary
  to identify all hazards

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Develop Solutions

• Find a new way to do job
• Change physical conditions that create hazards
• Change the work procedure
• Reduce frequency

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New way to do job

• Determine the work goal of the job, and then
  analyze the various ways of reaching this goal to
  see which way is safest.
• Consider work saving tools and equipment.

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Change in physical conditions

• Tools, materials, equipment layout or location
• Study change carefully for other benefits (costs,
  time savings)

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Change in work procedures

• What should the worker do to eliminate the
  hazard
• How should it be done?
• Document changes in detail

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Reduce frequency

• What can be done to reduce the frequency of the
  job??
• Identify parts that cause frequent repairs -
  change
• Reduce vibration save machine parts

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What effects??

• A job that has been redesigned may affect other
  jobs or work processes.
• Check or reobserve the new process once it has
  been redesigned