Warm-up: Write your answer to this question:

1
Warm-up Write your answer to this question

• Do you think that people are mostly good with
  some bad tendencies or just bad/greedy?

2
The Enlightenment

• Philosophers

3
The Enlightenment

• 18th Century European movement in which thinkers
  attempted to apply the principles of reason and
  the scientific method to all aspects of society.
• AKA The Age of Reason

4
The Enlightenment

• Characteristics
• Applied reason to the human world, not just the
  natural world
• Led to religious tolerance
• Led to democratic revolutions

5
Enlightenment Thinkers

• Thomas Hobbes (England)
• John Locke (England)
• Baron de Montesquieu (France)
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (France)
• Voltaire (France)

6
English Philosophers
7
Thomas Hobbes

• Famous Work Leviathan

8
Thomas Hobbes

• Beliefs
• Natural state of man is war
• Strong central government needed to keep order
• Supported Absolute Monarchy
• Supported a social contract

9
John Locke

• Famous Work
• Two Treatises on Government

10
John Locke

• Beliefs
• Governments power comes from the people.
• Governments job is to protect people and their
  rights.
• Did NOT support Absolute Monarchy

11
John Locke

• People are born free and equal with three Natural
  Rights
• Life
• Liberty
• Property

12
John Locke

• Greatly inspired Thomas Jeffersons writing of
  the Declaration of Independence.

13
French Philosophers
14
Montesquieu

• Famous Work The Spirit of Laws

15
Montesquieu

• Beliefs
• Government should include separation of powers
• Legislative Branch Makes laws
• Executive Branch Enforces laws
• Judicial Branch Interprets laws

16
Separation of Power
17
U.S. Separation of Power
18
Rousseau

• Famous Work The Social Contract

19
Rousseau

• Beliefs
• Government is a contract between people and their
  rulers.
• Rulers are elected by the people, and all people
  are equal.

20
Voltaire

• Famous Work Candide

21
Voltaire

• Beliefs
• Religious tolerance rather than
  fanaticism-excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning
  zeal, or wild and extravagant notions on some
  subject

22

• Separation of church and state (government)
• Freedom of speech

23
Voltaire US Constitution

• Freedom of Religion
• Freedom of Speech

• Bill of Rights
• First Amendment

24
The Enlightenment

• Philosophies of the enlightenment fueled
  revolutions in the Americas and France