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Welcome to Psychology!

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Psych Notes Psychology- scientific study of behavior and mental processes Behavior- any action that other people can observe or measure Cognitive Activities- dreams ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Welcome to Psychology!


1
Welcome to Psychology!
2
Psych Notes
  • Psychology- scientific study of behavior and
    mental processes
  • Behavior- any action that other people can
    observe or measure
  • Cognitive Activities- dreams, perceptions,
    thoughts, and memories
  • Theory Statement that attempts to explain why
    things are
  • Principle Rule or Law

3
What is a science?
  • Astrology?!? Yes or No? Why?
  • Psychology?!? Yes or No? Why?

4
Specialization in Psychology
  • Clinical Psychologist (most) Deals with Anxiety
    and Depression, etc.
  • Counseling use interviews and tests
  • School Psychologist- help with problems that
    interfere with learning
  • Educational Psychologist- helps entire school
    systems
  • Developmental- changes that occur throughout a
    persons life

5
  • Personality- identify traits
  • Social- how people behave in social situations
  • Experimental
  • Industrial/Organizational- people at work
  • Environmental- how environment effects people
  • Consumers- shoppers
  • Health- how your mental health relates to your
    physical health

6
History of Psychology
  • Ancient Times Plato quotes Socrates as saying,
    Know Thyself and they thought that
    psychological disorders meant that the gods were
    punishing you
  • Middle Ages They thought that psychological
    disorders meant you were possessed by the devil.
    Test Sink or Float, if you float you are evil if
    you sink you were not

7
Do Not Write
  • 1500s - Copernicus discovered that the earth
    revolves around the sun
  • 1600s - Newton and Laws of Gravity
  • Locke- you are not born with knowledge but
    learn it from experience
  • 1700s - Advances in Chemistry, discovered that
    animals and plants use oxygen in respiration

8
Do Not Write
  • 1800s- Idea that human behavior and mental
    processes should be supported by evidence
  • when first psychological labs were established
    in Europe and the U.S.
  • What was this time period called?

9
Psychologists
  • Wilhelm Wundt STRUCTURALISM
  • Objective Sensations- accurately reflect the
    outside world such as sight and taste
  • Subjective Feelings- emotional responses and
    mental images

10
Functionalism
  • William James- FUNCTIONALISM
  • Experience is a continuous stream of
    consciousness and cannot be broken down into two
    categories
  • You learn and maintain behavior patterns because
    they are successful
  • Ex Study? good grades
  • Wear plaid with stripes ? get hazed by your
    friends

11
Structuralists vs. Functionalists
Structuralists
Functionalists
  • S? Introspection (looking within)
  • F? behavioral observation in a lab as well as
    introspection
  • S? What are the elements of psychological
    processes?
  • F? What are the purposes of behavior and mental
    processes? What do they accomplish for the person?
  • Introspection (looking within)
  • What are the elements of psychological processes?
  • behavioral observation in a lab as well as
    introspection
  • What are the purposes of behavior and mental
    processes? What do they accomplish for the person?

12
Watson
  • John B. Watson- BEHAVIORISM
  • Only study observable behavior because
    consciousness is a private event that is only
    known to the individual
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?v0FKZAYt77ZMfeature
    related

13
Skinner
  • B.F. Skinner- REINFORCEMENT
  • If you reward someone for performing an action,
    they are more likely to repeat it
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vAepqpTtKbwo

14
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17
Gestalt School
  • Perception should be based on the whole picture
    because that gives meaning to the parts

18
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20
FREUD
  • Sigmund Freud- PSYCHOANALYSIS
  • Emphasized the importance of unconscious motives
    and internal conflict in determining human
    behavior
  • People are driven by hidden impulses and that
    verbal slips and dreams represent unconscious
    wishes
  • No Lab- Consultations

21
  • Sigmund Freud (3 part documentary)
  •  
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?v3q9IRY_VXPs
  •  
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vT2eyP6iY5Dofeature
    related
  •  
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vEx1A2qFmFWgfeature
    related
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