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Personality Theories

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Personality Theories Schools of Thought Psychoanalysis Behaviorism Humanism Psychoanalysis Freud --- the founder, we ve already talked about him at length Carl Jung ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Personality Theories


1
Personality Theories
2
Schools of Thought
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Behaviorism
  • Humanism

3
Psychoanalysis
  • Freud --- the founder, weve already talked about
    him at length
  • Carl Jung originally Freuds closest associate
    ? stopped speaking because of differences
  • Jung had a more positive view of human nature
  • People do the best they can to reach their
    potential and control their instinctive urges

4
Jungs Two Levels of Consciousness
  • Personal your own unique thoughts and feelings
  • Collective storehouse of instincts, urges and
    memories of the whole species
  • Archetypes same themes that appear and reappear
    in folklore, myths, religions, etc.

5
Alfred Adler
  • Believed that the driving force in anyones life
    is to try to overcome feelings of inferiority
  • People who compensate for their weaknesses and
    avoid feeling inadequate have an inferiority
    complex

6
Criticisms of psychoanalysis
  • Doesnt help no plan to help person once the
    causes/sources of their behavior is uncovered
  • High cost psychoanalysis takes years
  • Interpretations by psychoanalysts cant be proven
    or disproven not based on scientific study but
    on observations of patients

7
Behaviorism
  • Believe that psychology should concentrate on
    observable behavior only

8
BF Skinner
  • Not really a personality theory
  • Less desire to understand behavior but more
    desire to predict and control it
  • How are aspects of personality learned?
  • Skinner believed it was all about how behaviors
    were reinforced.

9
Albert Bandura
  • Personality is achieved/created through
    reinforcement and through observational learning.
  • Personality is formed by the interaction of three
    factors
  • Cognitive/personal (beliefs, expectations,
    values, motivations, roles, genetic and bio)
  • Behavior actions
  • Environment social political and cultural
    influences

10
Humanistic
  • Life is a conscious experience of choices.
  • Human beings strive for self-actualization
    achievement of potential

11
Abraham Maslow
  • Based on healthy creative, self-actualized people
    looked for common traits
  • Perceive accurately
  • Accept themselves, others and environment as they
    are
  • Problem centered

12
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
  • First primary/biological food, shelter, safety
  • Then belonging, love, self-esteem
  • At the top, self-actualization

13
Carl Rogers
  • Full functioning self-actualization
  • Conflict between what they value in themselves
    and what they believe others value in them
  • Everyone is striving to be more complete/perfect
  • Self who you are and what you value

14
  • Positive regard what you want from others,
    positive feedback
  • Conditions of worth conditions a person must
    meet in order to regard himself/herself
    positively
  • Unconditional positive regard
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