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The French Revolution

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Title: The French Revolution


1
The French Revolution
  • Understand the following
  • 1. The collision of social unrest and new
    political ideas can lead to revolution.
  • 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to
    strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
  • 3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but
    this can be accompanied by problems.
  • Any questions from last two nights homework?
  • video part II enlightenment
  • In packet complete p 2 and 3 with your group
    any questions?
  • Complete p 3 part B.
  • Read p 5 and answer reading comprehension
    questions p 6 connect to middle east today
    similarities and differences?
  • How do these events illustrate the above
    understandings?
  • Complete top of page 7
  • Beginning of Revolution Day 2

2
On the eve of RevolutionThe Old Regime-
  • France was still operating on an archaic social
    and political system developed during the middle
    ages.
  • The French people were in one of 3 categories,
    or Estates, especially important in terms of
    wealth and the payment of taxes.
  • These Estates came under great pressure as
    Frances economy crumbled, and the Government ran
    out of money.
  • The Old Regime, best represented by the
    absolutism of Louis XIV (14th) required strong
    leadership.
  • BUT Louis XVI (16th) was weak, pampered,
    uninterested and indecisive
  • Intro and overview

3
The First Estate (The Clergy)-
  • The Church formed this estate.
  • 1. Owned 10 of the Land
  • 2. Collected Tithes
  • 3. Paid No Taxes
  • 4. Bishops and Abbots
  • 5. Run Social Services (Schools, etc)
  • 6. Despise and reject the teachings of the
    Enlightenment
  • The Wealthiest Estate

4
The Second Estate-
  • Made up of Rich Nobles. 2 of the Population,
    but controlled 25 of the land. Paid very little
    in taxes.
  • 1. Top Jobs in Government, Army, Courts, and
    Local Churches.
  • 2. Owned a lot of land, but had little actual
    income except from feudal fees paid by peasants
    some became very successful businessmen as well.
  • 3. Resent Royal Absolutism
  • Fear and resist paying Taxes

5
Third Estate
  • The Majority of the People. This Estate was
    made up of 98 percent of the People of France.
    29 Million People.
  • 1. Bourgeoisie Middle Class- Bankers and
    Merchants, Lawyers, Doctors, etc.
  • 2. Peasants- 9 of 10 People
  • 3. City Workers- The Poorest of the Poor.
  • - many of these people were unpaid yet still
    taxed.
  • This Estate paid the Heaviest Taxes. The
    Bourgeoisie adopted the ideas of the
    Enlightenment and the others resented the 1st and
    2nd estates. They were ready for change.

6
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7
II. Financial Crisis
  • Deficit Spending- A Government Spending more than
    it makes.
  • Louis XIV (14th) made a huge debt- France had to
    actually borrow money from other countries.
  • Louis XVI, with Marie Antoinette, ran up the debt
    further on lavish royal stuff, and to pay for war
    against England (American Revolution)
  • To solve problem- Proposal is to raise taxes, but
    on whom?
  • Crumbling Economy-
  • 1) Economic Decline of 1770s
  • 2) Foreign Wars Costly More Debt
  • 3) Bad Harvests of 1780s the price of bread,
    the main food skyrockets to unattainable levels.
  • -Hunger Riots, manor houses attacked

8
Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
9
Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
10
Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
11
from the Ode to King Louis (14, 15, 16)
  • Louie Louie, oh noU gotta goAye-yi-yi-yi,
  • I saidLouie Louie, oh babyU gotta go

12
Financial Crisis, Cont.
  • Failure of Reforms
  • Louis XV (15)- More Debt
  • Louis XVI (16)- Spiraling Debt out of control.
  • -Financing the American Revolution becomes the
    straw that breaks the camels back
  • -Decides that financial reforms are necessary,
    hires Jacques Necker as advisor.
  • - Necker was competent and skilled in finance
  • -Necker proposes reductions in spending and
    tariffs
  • -Also proposes Tax on the 1st and 2nd Estates
    They call for him to be fired

13
Jacques Neckertax the rich, its okay,
reallyvideo part III
14
III. The King Takes Action
  • Riots and Protests, and the demands of the 2nd
    Estate, force the King to call the Estates
    General to Versailles.
  • The Cahiers (List of Grievances) filed in
    Estates General on May 5, 1789
  • Reforms, specifically in Taxes and Free Press
  • Class Resentment primarily because the vast
    majority (3rd Estate) had no functional power in
    the Estates General
  • The National Assembly forms and the Tennis Court
    Oath-
  • Only Property Owning members of the 3rd Estate
    Could Vote in the 3rd Estate
  • Focus on Financial fix and social reform
  • Demanded that each individual vote count, no more
    block voting
  • After weeks of Debate, they name themselves the
    National Assembly, and claim that they represent
    the People, and the People should form the
    Government and Laws.

15
The French Revolution
  • Understand the following
  • 1. The collision of social unrest and new
    political ideas can lead to revolution.
  • 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to
    strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
  • 3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but
    this can be accompanied by problems.
  • Read p 5 and answer reading comprehension
    questions p 6 connect to middle east today
    similarities and differences?
  • How do these events illustrate the above
    understandings?
  • Complete top of page 7 the Storming the
    Bastille
  • Why is the storming of th eBatille the symbol for
    the Revolution?
  • Continuing of Revolution Day 3

16
National Assembly, Cont.
  • 4. The National Assembly is locked out of the
    Estates General
  • They take the Tennis Court Oath- and vow to
    stay together until they develop a Constitution
    for France.
  • 5. Reform-minded Nobles and Clergy join the
    National Assembly.
  • 6. Louis XVI (16) Gathers Swiss Troops,
    orders them to dissolve the National Assembly.
    Doesnt happen. But how do the people feel when
    seeing massing Swiss soldiers?
  • 7. Louis 16 Hires/ Fires Necker
  • - during this time there are more food
    shortages and mounting tension

17
IV. the Storming of the Bastille video 4
  • The Bastille was a fort and prison holding
    political prisoners, and it also served as
    storage for weapons and black powder.
  • Crowd Demands Weapons and Powder- Commander of
    the Bastille opens fire on the crowd
  • The People storm the Bastille, break in and kill
    the commander. Free only 5 Prisoners, but
    becomes the symbol of the start of the revolution
    and a strike on Tyranny.
  • July 14th is Bastille Day, the French
    equivalent of our Independence Day

18
Storming of The Bastille
19
Creating a new France
  • Revolts in Paris and Provinces
  • Terrible Famine and massive unemployment
  • A. The Great Fear
  • 1. Rumors, caused by Famine and Fear
  • (attacks by marauders)
  • 2. Peasants attack Nobles- anger
  • B. Paris in Arms
  • 1. Various Groups try for Power
  • Moderates
  • Lafayette-leader
  • National Guard- Fight Royal Troops
  • Tri-Color
  • Paris Commune (Radical)
  • Demand end to monarchy
  • Violent
  • Spread Royal Rumors

20
II. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
  • End to special privilege - August 4, 1789
  • N.A. Nobles Vote to give up Privileges
  • Declaration of the Rights of Man August 26,
    1789
  • 1. Modeled after U.S. Declaration of
    Independence
  • 2. Government must protect peoples natural
    rights
  • 3. All males are equal
  • 4. People still starving

21
III. Women March on Versailles
  • Paris to Versailles- Women want Bread
  • The Mob wants to Wring Her Neck
  • 1. They hate Queen- Extravagant
  • - Accused of Immorality
  • 2. Let them Eat Cake- never said it- untrue
  • 3. Demand that King goes to Paris
  • A Triumphant Procession
  • 1. Louis XVI forced to wear the Tri-Color
  • 2. Royal family moves to Tuileries Palace-
    House Arrest

22
Lets Get Her
23
Ms. Marie Antoinette, are you home, do you want
to come out and play? video 5
24
The French Revolution
  • Understand the following
  • 1. The collision of social unrest and new
    political ideas can lead to revolution.
  • 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to
    strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
  • 3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but
    this can be accompanied by problems.
  • Any questions from last nights homework?
  • Read complete 10-11 about the Declaration of
    Rights of Man
  • Complete 13 comparing the American and French
    Revolutions
  • Continuing of Revolution Day 4

continued
25
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26
The French Tri-Color
27
IV. A TIME FOR REFORM
  • National Assembly Goes to Paris
  • Reorganizing the Church
  • 1. National Assembly- took over church, sells
  • church land.
  • 2. Civil Constitution of the Clergy- Ends Papal
  • Authority.
  • 3. Priests Refuse
  • 4. Causes problem with Peasants and people in
    parishes-Church played important role in their
    lives

28
A Republican Constitution
  • Written Constitution
  • 1. Wrote Constitution of 1791
  • - Limited Monarchy
  • - Legislative Assembly replaces the national
    assembly with the power over Laws/Taxes/War
  • - All males have right to vote
  • - Provinces become 83 departments
  • - Privilege Propose free trade
  • - No unions allowed

29
  • C. The Fateful Flight
  • 1. Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and son make a
    run for it disguised
  • 3. Former soldier recognizes the royal family
  • 4. Brought back to Paris and treated as a
    traitor

30
V. Reaction Outside of France
  • Widespread Fears
  • 1. Increase Boarder Patrols
  • 2. Told Horror stories by Emigres-
    nobles/clergy/
  • others who fled.
  • 3. Edmund Burke- Predicted Violence
  • Threats from Abroad
  • 1. King of Prussia/ Emperor of Austria
  • 2. Declaration of Pilnitz- intervene to protect
    the
  • Royal Family

31
The French Revolution
  • Understand the following
  • 1. The collision of social unrest and new
    political ideas can lead to revolution.
  • 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to
    strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
  • 3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but
    this can be accompanied by problems.
  • Any questions from last nights homework?
  • Complete packet pages 8-9
  • Reign of Terror Day 5

32
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33
Radical Days of the National Convention
34
Maximilien Robespierre
Video 5
35
Stages of the Revolution - video 6
  • Stages 3 (cont.)
  • Monarchies around Europe feared revolutionary
    ideas may spread
  • Austria states support for Louis XVI and
    threatened to invade
  • Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria
  • France now has domestic and foreign conflicts
  • European Powers attack France, at first quite
    successfully with the goal to end the Revolution
    and restore the monarchy
  • Armies are sent out of Paris to fight foreign
    enemies

36
Stages of the Revolution
  • Stage 3 (cont.)
  • Radicals begin to dominate Legislative Assembly
  • July 25, 1792 Radicals capture Louis XVI and
    family and put in a stone tower in Paris
  • Radicals take over Legislative Assembly
  • Ends limited monarchy and Constitution of 1791
  • Louis XVI deposed as king
  • Legislative Assembly dissolved August 10, 1792

37
Radical days
  • Downfall of the Monarchy
  • a. Outbreak of Violence
  • 1. August 10, 1792- Kings guards slaughtered
  • 2. Political Prisoners Killed due to fear of a
    counter-revolution
  • September Massacres
  • Patriots or Savages
  • b. French Republic
  • 1. Radicals form the National Convention
  • 2. Suffrage- Right to vote for all males
  • 3. Abolished Nobility Titles
  • 4. All people were to be called Citizen

38
Stages of the Revolution
  • Stage 3 (cont.)
  • September Massacre (September 1792)
  • French troops leaving Paris to fight Austrians
  • Parisians fear less troops in Paris will allow
    captured nobles to escape and regain control
  • Radicals lead raid on imprisoned nobles and
    clergy and kill 1000s

39
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40
VI. War at Home and Abroad
  • Legislative assembly dissolves
  • The Sans-Culottes
  • - Working Class People Make revolution more
    radical
  • 1. Supported by the Jacobins-
    revolutionary political club-
  • use newspapers to their advantage
  • Revolutionary Groups
  • - From Right to Left of the Leg. Assembly-
  • 1. Right - Conservatives - Reforms were enough
  • 2. Center- Moderates - need to continue with
    more reforms
  • 3. Left- Jacobins- Get rid of Monarchs -
    Radical

41
Stages of the Revolution
42
Radical Days
  • National Convention
  • Takes over after Legislative Assembly-September
    21, 1792
  • Made up of radical leaders from the Jacobin Club
    led by the far left Mountain
  • Supported a REPUBLIC

43
Radical Days of the National Convention
  • National Convention
  • Abolished monarchy and declared France a REPUBLIC
    based on LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
  • All adult males could vote and hold office
    Louis XVI? common citizen
  • Citizen Army Nationalism for France grows
    strong
  • 1792- First Coalition (made up of Great Britain,
    Holland, Spain, Austria and Prussia) takes on
    France
  • National Convention holds a draft
  • By 1794, 800,000 men and WOMEN fighting to
    protect France

44
Radical days (cont.)
  • Death of a King and Queen
  • 1. Louis XVI convicted of Treason
  • 2. King and Queen were beheaded
  • The Convention under seige
  • Declared war on those that they feared would
    support the monarchy- England, Spain,
    Netherlands, Prussia
  • Jacobins v. Girondins in Convention

45
Robespierre
  • Maximillien Robespierre (Jacobin)
  • 1. Lawyer- Leader of the Committee of Public
    Safety
  • 2. Religious Tolerance
  • 3. Popular with Sans-Culottes, Hates the Old
    Regime
  • Reign of Terror July 7, 1793 1794
  • 1. Organized by Robespierre
  • 2. Hasty Trials- 40,000 Die
  • 3. Mistaken ID/ False Accusations
  • 4. Dr. Guillotin- Argues the Axe is not
    accurate

46
Dr. Guillotine and his Invention
47
The Reign of Terror
  • Guillotine
  • Device created by Dr. Guillotin as a means to an
    enlightened execution without prejudice
  • How might the guillotine be an enlightened form
    of execution?

48
The Reign of Terror
  • Execution of Louis XVI-King of France
  • Executed January 21, 1793
  • Said to have cried like a baby as he climbed the
    scaffolding
  • Symbolic event signifying the emergence of a true
    radical republic

49
Louis loses it! - video 7
50
The Reign of Terror
  • Execution of George Danton
  • A leader of National Convention and close friend
    and confidant of Robespierre
  • Executed by guillotine in spring of 1794
  • Considered not RADICAL enough!

51
The Reign of Terror
  • Murder of Jean Paul Marat
  • Writer and publisher of The Friend of the
    People
  • Murdered in his bath tub on July 13, 1793
  • Murdered by woman that feared his ideas too
    radical
  • Wanted an end to unnecessary violence

52
The Reign of Terror
  • Execution of Marie Antoinette- Queen of France
    video 8
  • Executed on Oct. 16, 1793
  • Was never liked by the people of France
  • Was executed as a traitor for conspiring against
    France with her brother the Emperor of Austria

53
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety
video 9
  • A)Committee of Public Safety
  • 1.Deal with Threats to France
  • 2.12 Men Prepare France for War
  • 3. Armies invade Netherlands and Italy
  • 4. Crush the Peasant Revolt

54
Radicals Too Radical?
  • How does this cartoon depict the arms of the
    radicals?
  • By the people represented in the cartoonwhat
    might be the cartoonists opinion of the
    radicals?

55
The Reign of Terror it ends
  • Even the Radicals had enough
  • National Convention leaders secretly organize the
    arrest and execution of Robespierre
  • July 24, 1794-Thermodorian Reaction ending the
    reign of terror

56
Max, have you lost your head?
57
End of National Convention
  • After Robespierres execution, National
    Convention leaders rally to create a more
    moderate government structure.
  • Convention remains in place until the new
    structure is created and new members elected
  • This will become the 5th and final stage
  • THE DIRECTORY

58
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59
III. Reaction and the Directory
  • Moderates write Constitution of 1795
  • The Directory is set up 1795-1799
  • 1. Dictatorial but weak
  • 2. Suppress Bread Riots
  • 3. Use Napoleon Bonaparte- Popular Military
    Hero
  • Women in the Revolution
  • 1. Rights
  • Olympe De Gouges- Declaration of the
    Rights of Women
  • 2. Setbacks
  • National Convention- Banned Womens
    Political Clubs

60
V. Changes in Daily Life video 10 end of
Revolution
  • 10 years of major changes
  • Nationalism- an aggressive feeling of pride and
    devotion to ones country
  • La Marsillaise- French National Anthem
  • Social Reform
  • 1. Mandatory Elementary Education- State Run
  • 2. Care for Poor, Old Soldiers, Old Widows
  • 3. No Slavery in Colonies
  • 4. Non Religious Calendar - 1793 was year 1
  • Arts-
  • 1. Grand- Classical- Rome

61
Governments of the Revolution1789-1815
  • Monarchy King Louis XVI
  • National Assembly
  • Legislative Assembly
  • National Convention
  • Committee of Public Safety
  • Robespierre
  • The Directory
  • Napoleon
  • King Louis XVIII
  • Napoleon (100 Days)

62
Stages of the Revolution
  • 1st Stage- 1789- 1792
  • National Assembly
  • Storming the Bastille
  • Tennis Court Oath
  • Declaration of the Rights of Man
  • New Constitution
  • Limited Monarchy
  • Great Fear
  • Legislative Assembly

63
Stages of the Revolution
  • Stage 2- 1792-1794
  • Execution of the King and Queen
  • Committee of Public Safety
  • Robespierre
  • Reign of Terror
  • Republic
  • Execution of Robespierre
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