Passive Transport (moving particles in with the concentration gradient)

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Passive Transport(moving particles in with the
concentration gradient)
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Diffusion

• Movement of molecules from areas of high
  concentration to areas of lower concentration.

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Concentration Gradient

• The difference in concentration of molecules
  across a space

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Equilibrium

• When there is no concentration gradient.

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Osmosis

• The movement of water across a membrane (Special
  type of diffusion)

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3 Types of Solutions

• Hypotonic Solution - less
• Isotonic Solution - same
• Hypertonic Solution - more

Hypotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
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Hypotonic Solution

• Solution that has less dissolved solutes than the
  cell.

Instead Water flows from where it is most
concentrated HIGH
Salt would like to flow out of the cell but it
cannot get out because of the cell membrane.
Into the cell where there is more salt and less
water LOW
Less salt on outside of cell LOW
More salt on the inside HIGH
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Result of Hypertonic Solution on red blood cells
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Isotonic Solution

• Solution that has an equal amount of solutes as
  the cell.

H2O
H2O
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Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
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Hypertonic Solution

• Solution that has more dissolved solutes than the
  cell.

H2O
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How Cells Deal With Osmosis

• Paramecium have a contractile vacuole to get rid
  of excess water.

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Turgor Pressure

• The pressure that water exerts against a cell
  wall.

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Plasmolysis

• When plant cell membranes pull away from the cell
  wall.

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Facilitated Diffusion

• Molecules that cannot diffuse rapidly through the
  membrane use facilitated diffusion to get through
  the membrane with the help of a carrier protein.

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Carrier Proteins

• Carrier Proteins- are found embedded in the
  membrane that change shape to allow larger
  molecules to cross.

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Ion Channels

• Open and close to allow ions to flow down their
  concentration gradients.