CELL PARTS

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CELL PARTS
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ANIMAL CELLS
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PLANT CELLS
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ORGANELLE

• A specialized subunit within a cell that has a
  specific function.
• The name organelle comes from the idea that these
  structures are to cells what an organ is to the
  body.

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CYTOPLASM

• Both plant/animal
• Clear, thick, jellylike material
• Supports/protects cell organelles

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NUCLEUS

• Both plant/animal
• Large, oval
• Controls cell activities

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NUCLEOLUS

• Both plant/animal
• The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin
• Chromatin is DNA in its active form
• Made of protein and nucleic acids
• Site where ribosomes are made

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NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

• Both plant/animal
• Surrounds nucleus
• Selectively permeable
• Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus

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CHROMOSOMES

• Both plant/animal
• An organized structure of DNA and protein
• Single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes
• Controls activities of the cell
• Pass on traits/blueprint for life

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Both plant/animal
• Network of tubes or membranes
• Carries materials through cell
• Internal delivery system

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RIBOSOMES

• Both plant/animal
• Small bodies free or attached to E.R.
• Produce proteins

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MITOCHONDRIA

• Both plant/animal
• Bean-shaped with inner membranes
• Breaks down sugar molecules into energy
• ATP

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VACUOLE

• Plant few/large
• Animal small
• Fluid-filled sacs
• Store food, water, waste (plants need to store
  large amounts of food)

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CELL MEMBRANE

• Both plant/animal
• Plant inside cell wall
• Animal outer layer cholesterol
• Selectively permeable
• Support and protection
• Controls movement of materials in/out of cell
• Barrier between cell and its environment
• Maintains homeostasis
• AKA plasma membrane

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CELL WALL

• Plant, not animal
• Outer layer
• Rigid, strong, stiff
• Made of cellulose
• Support (grow tall)
• Protection
• Allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell

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CHLOROPLASTS

• Plant, not animal
• Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green
  pigment)
• Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant
  (photosynthesis)

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LYSOSOMES

• Plant uncommon
• Animal common
• Small, round, with a membrane
• Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller
  molecules
• Digests old cell parts

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CENTRIOLES

• Animal, not plant
• The walls of each centriole are usually composed
  of nine triplets of microtubules (protein of the
  cytoskeleton).
• Play a role in cell division

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STRUCTURE FUNCTION

• Organelles are small structures within cells that
  perform dedicated functions.
• As the name implies, you can think of organelles
  as small organs.
• These organelles allow the cell to function
  properly.
• The function of each organelle is directly
  related to its structure.