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Chapter 18 Section 1

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Chapter 18 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War Berlin Airlift Americans and British started the Berlin Airlift-fly food and supplies to West Berlin Berlin Airlift ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 18 Section 1


1
Chapter 18 Section 1
  • Origins of the Cold War

2
Former Allies Crash
  • Problems building between the US and SU before
    and during WWII

3
Former Allies Crash
  • Soviet Communism
  • State controlled all property
  • All economic activity
  • Totalitarian Communist Party allowed no
    opposition party

4
Former Allies Crash
  • The United States
  • Capitalist system
  • Private citizens controlled almost all property
    and economic activity

5
Former Allies Crash
  • US furious at Stalin-Signed nonaggression pact
    with Hitler in 1939

6
Truman Becomes President
  • Key American figure in early part of the Cold War
  • Became President when FDR died
  • 82 days as Vice President-met with FDR only twice

7
Truman Becomes President
  • FDR left Truman uninformed on military matters

8
Truman Becomes President
  • With the war ending Truman would have to
  • Make difficult military decisions

9
Potsdam Conference
  • Trumans 1st meeting with other major world
    leaders-Potsdam, July 1945

10
Potsdam Conference
  • Not only did the Soviets not allow free elections
    in Poland, but they banned democratic parties

11
Potsdam Conference
  • Truman pushed for free elections-Stalin refused

12
Tension Mounts
  • Refusal to allow free elections convinced Truman
    that American and Soviet goals were at odds

13
Tension Mounts
  • Americans and British opposed Soviet demands

14
Tension Mounts
  • At odds over Eastern Europe
  • US wanted Eastern Europe to stay open to trade

15
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
  • Soviets felt justified to stay in Eastern Europe

16
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
  • Stalin propped up communist governments in
    Eastern European nations
  • The Satellite Nations-

17
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
  • Stalin seized the industry of these nations to
    rebuild the Soviet Union

18
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
  • US institutes a policy of Containment towards the
    Soviet Union

19
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
  • Containment Policy worked by
  • Creating alliances
  • Supporting weaker nations

20
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
  • March 1946 Churchill gives his Iron Curtain
    speech

21
Cold War in Europe
  • Conflicting US and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe
    led to the Cold War

 
22
Cold War in Europe
  • During the Cold War, the US and Soviet Union
    tried to spread their economic and political
    influence wherever they could
  • Eventually spread to Asia, Africa, and Latin
    America

23
The Truman Doctrine
  • US 1st tried to contain communism in Greece and
    Turkey

24
The Truman Doctrine
  • US spent 400 million to help Greece and Turkey
  • Truman Doctrine-

25
Marshall Plan
  • After WWII, Europe was in economic chaos

26
Marshall Plan
  • 1946-47-harsh winter
  • Food shortages
  • Fuel shortages

27
Marshall Plan
  • June 1947 US Secretary of State George Marshall
    proposed that the US help

28
Marshall Plan
  • Congress debated plan for several months
  • Then

29
Marshall Plan
  • Invasions showed the need for congress to move
    quickly and help create strong, stable
    governments in Europe

30
Marshall Plan
  • The Plan was a success
  • By 1952 Western Europe was flourishing

31
Superpowers Struggle Over Germany
  • Europe starts to get back on its feet
  • Western allies and Soviets arguing over German
    reunification

32
Berlin Airlift
  • 1948-Western Zones combine into 1 nation
  • Soviets respond by holding Berlin Hostage

33
Berlin Airlift
  • Soviets cut off all access to Berlin
  • No supplies could get in

34
Berlin Airlift
  • Americans and British started the Berlin
    Airlift-fly food and supplies to West Berlin

35
Berlin Airlift
  • 277,000 flights made delivering 2.3 million tons
    of supplies
  • West Berlin survived

36
Berlin Airlift
  • May 1949 West Germany becomes known as the
    Federal Republic of Germany with its capital at
    Bonn
  • East Germany becomes German Democratic Republic
    with its capital in East Berlin

37
NATO
  • Blockade increased fear of Soviet aggression

38
NATO
  • NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • An attack on one regarded as an attack on all
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