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Pronouns Notes

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Pronouns A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns. Pro- means for (standing FOR a noun) Personal Pronouns Pronouns that are used to refer to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pronouns Notes


1
Pronouns Notes
2
Pronouns
  • A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one
    or more nouns.
  • Pro- means for (standing FOR a noun)


3
Personal Pronouns
  • Pronouns that are used to refer to people or
    things are called personal pronouns.
  • Examples he, she, it

4
Subject Pronouns
  • A subject pronoun is used as the
  • subject of a sentence. The subject is WHO or
    WHAT the sentence is about.
  • She is my sister.
  • It is my hat.
  • Does he have a dog.
  • You and I go to the movie.

5
Object Pronouns
  • An object pronoun is a personal pronoun in the
    objective case. It is used as the direct or
    inderect object of a verb. Object pronouns will
    never be the subject of the sentence.
  • Give the pencil to me.
  • The teacher gave her a referral.
  • I will tell you a secret.
  • Hannah read it to them.

6
List of Personal Pronouns
  • Singular Plural
  • I we
  • you you
  • he, she, it they


Subject Pronouns
me us you you him, her, it them

Object Pronouns
7
Your turn
  • Listen to this song and then lets try it
    together! http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSWnc1HSCv
    RY
  • Activity. Identify the pronouns in the following
    sentence.
  • Jamie and Clara loved the guinea pig their mother
    bought them. It was white, and it was adorable.

8
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • How do you know when to use me or I, we or us?
  • 1. Use a subject pronoun as a subject.
  • 2. Use an object pronoun as object of the verb.
  • Examples (Circle the correct pronoun listed)
  • SUBJECT-
  • She owns a collection of books.
  • INDIRECT OBJECT-
  • He told her an amusing story.
  • DIRECT OBJECT-
  • The fable entertained us.

9
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • When in a pair (Susan and I)
  • Always take the pronoun OUT of the pair
  • to see which pronoun is the correct one to
    use.
  • EXAMPLES
  • Richard and (I or me) recited the story.
  • Jennifer helped Richard and (I or me).
  • Read sentence without the words that the pronoun
    is paired with to see what works.

10
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • When using a pronoun in a pair
  • ALWAYS put the pronoun second
  • Seth and I read some comic books.
  • (Not I and Seth)
  • Science interests Mike and me.
  • (Not me and Mike).

11
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • In formal writing and speech
  • use a subject pronoun after a linking verb.
  • RIGHT ? The winner is she.
  • NOT ? She is the winner.

12
ACTIVITY 2
  • Replace one of the nouns in the following
    sentences with a pronoun.
  • Tanner and Tanners friend Todd won the boat
    race.
  • Why did Oscar give Oscars camera to the school?
  • Darius scored a goal the first of Darius season.

13
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
  • Antecedent-
  • The noun or group of words to which a pronoun
    refers
  • Example
  • Tyler read The Hungry Caterpillar. He
    found it exciting.
  • ANTECEDENT of he ? ___________________
  • ANTECEDENT of it ? __________________

14
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
  • RULE FOR PRONOUNS and ANTECEDENTS
  • Pronoun must agree with antecedent in number
    (singular or plural) and gender.
  • The gender of a noun may be masculine (male),
    feminine (female), or neuter (referring to
    things).

15
ACTIVITY 3
  • Complete p. 379 Exercise 5.

16
Possessive Pronouns
  • Possessive Pronoun
  • A pronoun that shows who or what has something.
  • NOTE A possessive pronoun may take the place
    of a possessive noun.

17
Possessive Pronouns
  • Examples
  • Matts shoe is too small.
  • Replace the noun with a possessive pronoun.
  • _______ shoe is too small.
  • Mikes homework is perfect.
  • Possessive Noun- __________
  • Replace with pronoun- _________
  • ________ homework is perfect.

18
Possessive Pronouns
  • Possessive pronouns have two forms.
  • - One form is used before a noun.
  • - The other form is used alone.

19
Possessive Pronouns
  • ALWAYS REMEMBER
  • POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS do NOT contain an apostrophe.
  • Possessive its never splits.
  • Its -? is a contraction standing for
    it is
  • Its ? no apostrophe is POSSESSIVE
  • Example
  • I love my book. (Its) characters are funny.
  • Its is a possessive pronoun standing
    for what noun?

20
Activity 4
  • Complete p. 703 Exercise 4 to review possessive
    pronouns.

21
Indefinite Pronouns
  • Indefinite pronoun
  • A pronoun that does not refer to a particular
    person, place, or thing.
  • Example
  • Does anyone know where Mr. Malloy went?
  • Everyone thought he was hiding in a locker.
  • NOTE
  • Most indefinite pronouns are either ALWAYS
    singular or plural.

22
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular Plural
another everybody no one anybody everyone nothing anyone everything one anything much somebody each neither someone either nobody something both few many others several
SINGULAR or PLURAL All, any, most, none and some
can be singular or plural, depending on the
phrase that follows them.
23
Indefinite Pronouns
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the
subject, the verb must agree with it in
number. EXAMPLE Everyone discusses the dance
last Friday. (singular) Both talk about how fun
it was! (plural) All of the dance was very loud.
(singular) All of the middle school kids were
dancing fools. (plural)
24
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite
pronouns as their antecedents. In such cases,
the pronouns must agree in number. Each of the
teachers has his or her unique teaching
style. Several have funny conversations with
their students.
25
Activity 5
Find the indefinite pronouns in the following
sentences. All of the students in this class are
adorable. Each one of them makes me very glad.
Some of them are talkative, but most of them are
very well-behaved. Which is something for which
all teachers are grateful.
26
Noun Functions
  • And Pronouns Too! ?

27
Functions of Nouns and Pronouns
  • A NOUN is a part of speech. It can
    FUNCTION in 8 different ways. (PRONOUNS stand in
    the place of nouns can function any way a noun
    can.)

28
  • Subject
  • The subject USUALLY does the action
  • John ran away from the monster.
  • Five days a week my mother dusts.
  • Nearing the yellow light, the driver sped up.
  • Its not fair! shouted John.
  • Note that occasionally, as in d., the subject can
    follow the verb.
  • Sometimes the subject receives the action.
    Thats whats called a passive voice sentence.
    There will always be a form of to be
    (is,are,was,were,be) a past participle (jumped,
    laughed, eaten, spoken, sung, frozen, etc.)
  • The song was sung a capella.
  • The book was written in 1988.
  • John was hit in the head.

29
  • 2. Direct Object
  • A direct object follows the verb receives its
    action. It answers the question what or
    whom
  • John threw the ball. (Threw what?)
  • Tomorrow morning Elisa will meet your sister.
    (Meet whom?)
  • We helped him with his homework. (Helped whom?)
  • He doesnt understand anything about what he just
    read. (Understand what? Anything is a pronoun.)
  • While hiking, Alicia found a silver bracelet.

30
  • 3. Indirect Object
  • The indirect object follows the verb answers
    to/for whom. (It can also be to/for what, but
    its usually to/for whom.) The indirect object
    is frequently a pronoun.
  • John gave me the money. (to whom?)
  • Elisa sent John a letter. (to whom?)
  • Addison bought Alex a car. (for whom?)

31
  • 4. Predicate Nominative (Predicate Noun)
  • A predicate nominative follows the verb renames
    the subject.
  • John is a student.
  • A Christmas Carol is a good book.
  • Elisa became a lawyer.
  • Addison will be an excellent surgeon.
  • Emory is a private university.

32
  • Object of a Preposition
  • Prepositions are words that link the rest of the
    sentence to their object. English is full of
    them of, near, after, before, from, to, through,
    under, over, across, withto name a few. A
    preposition has to have an object, the object
    is a noun or pronoun.
  • He left after class.
  • I work with your friend.
  • My best friend lives across the street.
  • Over the river through the woods to
    Grandmothers house we go.

33
  • 6. Appositive
  • An appositive follows a noun renames it.
  • My sister Rita lives in Virginia.
  • The book Im reading, The Scarlet Letter, is set
    in the U.S.
  • I met my friend Helene last year.

34
  • Objective Complement
  • An objective complement renames the direct
    object. It can be distinguished from an
    appositive (which can rename ANY noun) by
    determining if the words to be can be inserted
    before it.
  • We elected Obama (to be) president.
  • I consider him (to be) my brother.
  • He saw my sister Rita yesterday.
  • Rita in the last sentence is an appositive, not
    an objective complement, because you couldnt
    say, He saw my sister to be Rita yesterday.

35
  • 8. Retained Object
  • A retained object follows a passive voice verb
    (to beis/are/was/were/be-- past participle)
  • He was fed spinach. (Was fed what?)
  • They were given a new kitten. (Were given what?)
  • He was elected president. (Was elected what?)

36
  • 9. Noun of direct address
  • You use a noun of direct address when talking to
    someone
  • Juan, when are you going to leave?
  • Mr. Smith, I havent finished the list.
  • Professor Gellar, I need to turn in my paper late.

37
  • Traditionally, the following two usages arent
    considered functions of a noun because they are
    adjectives. But they are nouns that function as
    adjectives. If you study a foreign language,
    its helpful to know when its a noun were using
    as an adjective in English, because chances are a
    noun cant be used as an adjective in the
    language youre studying.
  • I need a paint bucket.
  • Give him that water glass.
  • We also make nouns possessive so that they can
    function as adjectives
  • I met your mothers friend.
  • We saw the clowns face.

38
  • Lets Practice...
  • Quiz yourself on these sites.
  • 1.http//www.softschools.com/quizzes/grammar/funct
    ions_of_nouns/quiz3150.html
  • 2.http//www.grammaruntied.com/nouns/nounquiz1/Iqu
    izn.html
  • 3.http//www.quia.com/quiz/814440.html

39
With your group
  • Complete pg. 416 ex. 4
  • Then
  • Complete pg. 420 ex. 7 finding only the subject.
  • Try it alone
  • Complete pg. 421 ex. 8 finding only the subject.
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