Integrated domestication strategy of Allanblackia; A detailed example from Tanzania

1
Integrated domestication strategy of
Allanblackia A detailed example from Tanzania

• Presentation made at the SII Training workshop on
  Allanblackia Domestication
• Nairobi Kenya
• October 23rd 2006

2
Why IDS

• AB seeds volume supply far below the current
  demand of 6000 tones of seeds per year.
• AB cultivation/domestication strategy to address
  this gap.

3
Why IDS
Novella 2 original assumptions Novella 2 original assumptions Novella 2 original assumptions Actual
Year Amount of seeds Kg per farmer Origin Actual Kg per farmer
2006 150 Wild picking 68-92
2011 1000 Wild and Agro forestry
2015 9000 95 from Agro forestry

• Sustainability of supply chain
• Less dependence from wild harvesting
• Gap between Novella two targets and actual needs
  to be closed faster, while
• Kg per farmer increased from 65kg (2004) for 655
  farmers to 81kg in Muheza district.(3449 farmers)
  in 2005.
• To get the minimum of 150kg needs to double
  efforts- cultivation(5trees/farmer),then closer
  to 1Ktone.

4
Why IDS

• Significant contribution to poverty alleviation
  and genda equity
• By 2006 the best district earned average of 10USD
  per farmer
• This needs to increase to more than 70USD per
  farmer in 3 months of production per year.
• With per capital income of 300USD this is
  significant.
• To get 70USD needs domestication.

5
Why IDS

• Address biodiversity issues
• Trees diversification on the farmland
• Enrichment planting
• Improvement of stock materials
• Gene conservation
• Add value to AB tree conservation

6
Management and coordination

• Working in Partnership

Private ( Unilever)
FARMERS (6,000)
NGOs Faida MaLi, INADES, ICA TFCG

• Public
• UNDP/(GSB)
• DFID
• SNV
• ICRAF
• Govt. Institutions
• ANR
• TAFORI
• Local admin.

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Management and coordination

• Role of partners
• Public partners
• Funding of activities e.g. UNDP,DFID,ICRAF
• Research and development-ICRAF,ANR,TAFORI
• Extension services- ANR,ICRAF, Local governments
• Central and private village nurseries
  harmonization- ANR, ICRAF,TAFORI
• Facilitation and capacity building UNDP,SNV

8
Management and coordination

• Role of NGOS
• Capacity building and empowerment
• Training
• Awareness creation
• Extension
• Genda
• Farmer groups formation and development
• Work with local governments

9
Management and coordination

• Role of private sector
• Market assurance
• Coordinate partnership
• Work with farmers
• Fund mobilization and publicity
• Developing supply chain
• Organise partner planning and evaluation
  meetings.

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Management and coordination- the working practice
Faida,TFCG,ICA, INADES,Unilever,SNV, Domestication
group
Farmers in groups Muheza
Lushoto
Collection Centres Equipped Clerks and Store
CONSUMER/ PROCESSOR/ EXPORT UNILEVER
TRANSPORT OF AB NUTS LOCAL Transporters
PROCESSOR OF AB NUTS SHELLCRAFT
Domestication, EIA, Social studies
Kilindi/Korogwe
Mvomero,Kilosa
MANAGED BY PARTNER NGOS
MANAGED BY UNILEVER
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Detailed roles

• Tasks of Unilever
• guarantee the long-term market at certain price
• control the quality of the supply chain
• develop valuable market for Allanblackia
• get food clearance
• pay for part of the start-up costs
• initiate the build-up of local supply chain
• Supports the research on Allanblackia
  domestication
• get agreement on sustainability guidelines for AB
• ensure measurable contributions to poverty
  reduction
• ensure positive contributions to biodiversity

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Coordination and management

• Tasks of NGOs
• lead the community work
• ensure poverty alleviation goals are met
• ensure farmers and small businesses get a fair
  deal
• focus on side-effects gender issues - child
  labour - corruption a.s.o.
• assist in building relations with rulers and
  government
• help to live by the law
• use synergies between this project and other
  development goals
• monitor adherence to sustainability guidelines
• help implement smallholder plantations
• work towards a stable supply chain without NGO
  support

13
Partnership history

• Meeting held in October-2003 Unilever,Faida,TFCG
  and came up with work plan.-Founder partners
• MoU agreed and signed
• Two follow up meetings held in November 2003 and
  February 2004
• The work implemented

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Implementation strategy development-History

• 1st Evaluation meeting 2004.
• More partners on board (ICA, INADES,ANR, TAFORI)
• Contact of partners through SNV networks, others
  by presence in project areas.
• Potential partners attend evaluation meeting
• At the end do self evaluation on how to fit.

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Self assessment of stakeholders

• How do you see your organization contributing
  towards the goals/objectives of the project?
• How would collaboration for AB nut production
  contribute towards the objectives of your
  organization
• Which activities would you be able to undertake?
• and how would you undertake them?
• What are the specific threats/capacities of your
  organization to undertake these activities?
• What human and financial resources would you
  commit to these activities?

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Working together

• Agreed work plan
• Guiding MoU
• Quarterly meeting
• Sharing information-emails, phone call etc
• Field visits/office visits
• Evaluation meetings
• Unilever coordinates.
• All report on progress and share field
  experience/Research findings
• Resources contribution as per work plan
• Fund raising

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Plan for seedling production
Task Timing Who? (and others e.g. Forest Dept)
1 Prepare nursery training materials Oct to Nov 05 ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, ARI, TAFORI
2 Training in nursery management Nov to Dec 05 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, FM, ICA,
3 Prepare shaded nursery beds (3-4m2) Jan to Mar 06 Nursery operator
4 Collect and pre-treat seeds Dec 05 to Feb 06 ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, ARI
5 Distribute/ supervise sowing 15kgs pre-treated seeds Jan 06 to Mar 06 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,Nursery operator
6 Water and monitor beds Mar 06 to Nursery operator, ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,
7 Check on progress and distribute polybags Mar 06 to Sep 06 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER
8 Fill 200 polybags, prepare shaded 2-3 m2 shaded area Sep 06 Mar 07 Nursery operator
9 Prick out germinants/emergents Sep 06 Mar 07 Nursery operator ANR, TFCG, TAFORI
10 Pay nursery operators on transplants (TSh 150) Oct 06 Apr 07 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA,UNILEVER
11 Check on nursery progress Oct 06 onwards ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER
12 Prepare cultivation guidelines Sep 06 ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, ARI, TAFORI
13 Identify and sensitise farmers to plant seedlings Nov to Dec 06 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA
14 Collect and pay for seedlings (Tsh350) Mar 07 Oct 07 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA
15 Distribute seedlings, enter in agreements on subsidies Mar 07 Oct 07 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA
16 Supervise planting Mar 07 Oct 07 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER
17 Monitor progress, back-up advice Mar 07 onwards ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,UNILEVER
18 Pay annual subsidy Mar Oct 08 then annual x3 FM, INADES, ICA,UNILEVER
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Vegetative Propagules Plan
Oct 2005 - start negotiating with farmers to cut
elite females - collect all info, GPS, passport
data - test run on 10 trees (ANR, TAFORI, ARI)
Feb 2006 cut trees, pay up front 20,000 Tz
Sh Mar 2006 build propagators (400 cuttings
per propagator) - 10 propagators (ANR), 10
propagators (TAFORI), 4 propagators (ARI) Sep
2006 harvest cuttings, set in propagators (no
auxin needed) Mar 2007 transplant cuttings to
polybags Sep 2007 field plant (pay 1000 Tz Sh
per rooted cutting)
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Current status

• Establish
• central nurseries, one at ANR
• village nurseries
• Individual nurseries
• Prepare 100 mother trees
• Pre-treat seeds with GA
• Train and make propagators
• Establish Gene bank

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But also

• Managed to graft
• 4 out of five success

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Current state of knowledge

• Partnership management strength and gaps.
• Better knowledge on seedling establishment
  compared 2004/2005
• Cuttings establishment apart from cut mother tree
• Field planting survival after 1 year (gt90) if
  not stolen by farmers.
• It is possible to graft

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Difficult arisen and lesson learnt

• Longer germination period and germination
  percentage
• GA-3 impact not yet realised after 7months( no
  germination noticed but dying seeds)
• Coppicing of cut trees is two years not one year
  expected. 60 shooted for Sept.2007 harvesting
  cuttings.
• Planning without funds in hand could be a
  barrier.
• Need for readjustment to strategic plans and go
  for five years plan as focus was on one year
  delivery

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Specific lesson leant for practical deployment of
AB initiative

• Clear planning with defined and shared
  responsibilities what ,who, when and how to do
  it.(partnership coordination)
• Optimal allocation of resources is critical
• Production and research moving parallel, some
  times production is faster
• Created demand for plants to farmers needs to be
  managed at the current level of high motivation.
  Can we manage?
• Let us have gt100,000/yr improved AB in 0607
  planted in Tanzania.

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By implementing what we planned, AB is a future
cash cow
The Cash Cow
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Thank you
The End