Chapter 3 Test Review Sheet

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Chapter 3 Test Review Sheet
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1

• What functional groups are these
• -OH -COOH -CO -NH2 -OPO3-
  
• ANSWERhydroxyl carboxyl carbonyl amino
• phosphate

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1 (cont.)

• What functional groups are these?
• -SH -CO (and end) -CO (within)
• Sulfhydryl aldehyde ketone

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2

• What are the monomers of these polymers?
• Proteins nucleic acids carbos lipids
• ANSWER
• Amino acids nucleotides
  monosaccharides glycerol 3 fatty acids

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3

• How can you tell the difference between a
  saturated fat, a monounsaturated fat, and a
  polyunsaturated fat when shown the chemical
  structure?
• ANSWER saturated fat has all single bonds,
  unsaturated fat has at least one double bond,
  polyunsaturated fat has 2 or more double bonds

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4

• How are isomers related?
• ANSWER isomersame atomic structure but
  different orientation

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5

• Contrast dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
  Purpose? How alike? How different?
• ANSWERDehydration synthesis-takes out water to
  join monomers
• Hydrolysis-adds water to split polymers

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6

• What suffix do sugars end in? Examples
• ANSWER -ose
• Monosaccharide glucose, fructose
• Disaccharide sucrose, maltose
• Polysaccharide starch, glycogen

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7

• How is glycogen different than starch?How are
  they alike?
• ANSWER glycogen is formed in animals and starch
  is formed in plants they both are
  polysaccharides of glucose

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8

• How is a positive test done for each?Glucose
  starch fats protein
• ANSWER
• Glucose- Benedicts blue to orange-red
• Starch-iodine yellow to blue-black
• Fats-translucent brown paper
• Protein- Biuret blue to lavender

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9

• What is the purpose of cellulose? Type of carbo?
• ANSWER fiber
• polysaccharide

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10

• What does hydrophilic and hydrophobic mean?
  Which best describes fats?
• ANSWER hydrophilic (does dissolve in water) and
  hydrophobic (does not dissolve in water) FATS
  ARE HYDROPHOBIC
• -methyl group CH3 is hydrophobic

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11

• Polypeptide and amino acid chains are synonyms
  for what macromolecule?
• ANSWER protein

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12

• How could you tell the difference between a
  monosaccharide and a disaccharide if shown the
  chemical structure?
• ANSWERmonosaccharide 1 ring
• Disaccharide 2 rings

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13

• How does a steroid look different chemically than
  other lipids?
• ANSWER 4 rings

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14

• What are the parts of a triglyceride? How many
  water molecules are formed from the formation of
  it?
• ANSWER 3 fatty acids a glycerol
• Three water molecules form when they join.

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15

• Rectangle around polar end
• Circle around nonpolar end

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15

• Rectangle around polar end
• Circle around nonpolar end

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16

• Identify the following as
• C-carbohydrate P-protein
• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
• _____DNA_____glucose
• _____steroid
• _____phospholipid

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16

• Identify the following as
• C-carbohydrate P-protein
• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
• NA DNA C glucose
• L steroid
• L phospholipid

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16

• Identify the following as
• C-carbohydrate P-protein
• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
• _____wax
• _____starch
• _____ATP
• _____RNA

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16

• Identify the following as
• C-carbohydrate P-protein
• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
• L wax
• C starch
• none of above ATP
• NA RNA

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16

• Identify the following as
• C-carbohydrate P-protein
• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
• _____sucrose
• _____enzymes
• _____fructose
• _____triglyceride

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16

• Identify the following as
• C-carbohydrate P-protein
• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
• C sucrose
• P enzymes
• C fructose
• L triglyceride

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16

• Identify the following as
• C-carbohydrate P-protein
• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
• _____ethanol
• _____formaldehyde
• _____cholesterol
• _____egg white

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16

• Identify the following as
• C-carbohydrate P-protein
• L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
• C ethanol
• C formaldehyde
• L cholesterol
• P egg white

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17

• How can you tell carbohydrates and lipids apart?
• Carbohydrates HO
• 21
• Lipids greater than 21

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18

• What is the functional group found in alcohols?
  What suffix denotes an alcohol?
• -OH
• -ol such as ethanol, butanol

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19

• How many different amino acids are there?
• ANSWER 20

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19 (cont.)

• How are all amino acids alike?

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19 cont.

• How are amino acids different?

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20

• What does a peptide bond connect? (what
  functional groups)
• ANSWER amino acids
• Peptide bonds are covalent

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21

• What is denaturation. To which macromolecule does
  it refer?
• ANSWER Polypeptide chain unravels, losing their
  shape, and losing their function

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22

• What type of bonds form at each level
• A. between amino acids
• ANSWER peptides (covalent)
• B. to cause coiling or pleating
• ANSWER H-bonds

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22 (cont.)

• C. between cysteine and cysteine in tertiary
• ANSWER -disulfide bridges
• D. between H-in OH and O in COOH (tertiary)
• ANSWER H-bonding

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22 (cont)

• Between NH3 and O
• in ionized form of carboxyl group
• ANSWER ionic bond

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23

• What are the two possible shapes of proteins in
  the secondary level?
• What are the two basic shapes of proteins in the
  quaternary level?
• ANSWER SECONDARY alpha helix or beta pleated
  sheets
• QUATERNARY fibrous and globular

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24

• What element besides C-H-O will you find in
  proteins? What functional group is this?
• ANSWER N (nitrogen)
• -amino group NH2

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25

• Main parts of nucleotide? What elements?
• CHONP

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26

• RECOGNIZE ORGANIC MOLECULES FLASH CARDS AND
  QUETIONS

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EXTENDED RESPONSE

• How do the primary, secondary, tertiary, and
  quaternary structures of proteins differ?
• ANSWER primary-sequence of AA
• Secondary-helix or pleated sheets
• Tertiary-folds in on itself
• Quaternary-folded together two or more subunits

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• Refer to your handout of the Primary-Secondary-Ter
  tiary-Quaternary Levels