Atomic Bomb

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• Atomic Bomb

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EINSTEIN

• 1939
• LETS
• AMERICA KNOW
• GERMANY MAY
• ALREADY HAVE THE BOMB!

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MANHATTAN PROJECT

• GOAL
• PRODUCE A SELF-SUSTAINING
• ATOMIC CHAIN REACTION WHERE PARTICLES RELEASED
• FROM THE SPLITTING OF ONE ATOM WOULD CAUSE
  ANOTHER ATOM TO BREAK APART.

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WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

• THEIR GOAL WAS TO BUILD THE MOST POWERFUL BOMB
  EVER CREATED.
• NEXT THEY NEEDED TO CREATE A SPECIAL KIND OF
  URANIUM TO MOLD INTO THE BOMB
• PLUTONIUM

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MANHATTAN PROJECT

• WHO
• LEO SZILARD (Physicist)
• Austro-Hungarian Jew
• Discovered Nuclear Chain reaction (Fission)
• Patented idea for nuclear reactor
• ENRICO FERMI (Physicist)
• ITALIAN SCIENTIST
• SUCCESSFULLY MANAGED THE CHAIN REACTION NECESSARY
  FOR DESIRED NUCLEAR EFFECT

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Leo Szilard Enrico Fermi
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JOHN OPPENHEIMER
Now I have become death, the destroyer of worlds.
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HE WAS IN CHARGE

• PHYSICIST
• PRESENT AT THE FIRST TEST SITE IN ALAMOGORDO, NEW
  MEXICO July 14, 1945

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But would we use it?

• INTERIM COMMITTEE
• ROOSEVELT DEAD APRIL 1945
• TRUMAN PRESIDENT NOW
• FORMED THIS COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS AND
  POLITICIANS
• CHOOSE TO USE THE BOMB TO END THE WAR IN JAPAN TO
  SAVE FURTHER AMERICAN CASUALTIES

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ANY OTHER REASON FOR US TO USE IT?

• SHOW THE SOVIETS WE HAVE IT
• TRUMAN
• AGREES TO USE THE BOMB INSTEAD OF INVADING JAPAN
• TWO REASONS ONE SAVE LIVES
• TWO REVENGE FOR PEARL HARBOR

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The pilots/co-pilots and mechanics of the planes
that dropped the bomb.
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Enola Gay, the plane that dropped the first bomb.
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FAT MAN LITTLE BOY

• "My God, what have we done?" Robert Lewis
• Robert Lewis, the co-pilot of the Enola Gay, the
  B-29 that dropped the first atomic bomb.

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THE BOMBS

• STATS HIROSHIMA, JAPAN
• AUGUST 6, 1945
• LITTLE BOY URANIUM BOMB
• 70,000 PEOPLE DEAD
• NAGASAKI THREE DAYS LATER
• FAT MAN PLUTONIUM BOMB
• 40,000 PEOPLE DEAD

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Atomic Bomb Damage of Hiroshima
                                                  
                                                  
                    
Distance from Ground Zero (km) Killed Injured Population
0 -1.0 86 10 31,200
1.0 - 2.5 27 37 144,800
2.5 - 5.0 2 25 80,300
Total 27 30 256,300
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The ruins around the Industrial Promotion Hall,
now known as the Atomic Bomb Dome
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• Ohmura Navy Hospital A 14 year old girl after
  the bombing of Hiroshima at Ohmura Navy Hospital
  on August 10-11.

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Severe burns. Only his waist was protected from a
burn by a waistband he wore (within 1km from the
hypocenter).
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Kimono pattern. Burned areas on the back and on
the dorsal portion of the upper arm show that
thermal rays penetrated the black or the dark
colored parts of kimono she wore.
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• "ATTENTION JAPANESE PEOPLE" EVACUATE YOUR CITIES
• Because your military leaders have rejected the
  thirteen part surrender declaration, two
  momentous events have occurred in the last few
  days.
• The Soviet Union, because of this rejection on
  the part of the military has notified your
  Ambassador Sato that it has declared war on your
  nation. Thus, all powerful countries of the world
  are now at war against you.
• Also because of your leaders' refusal to accept
  the surrender declaration that would enable Japan
  to honorably end this useless war, we have
  employed our atomic bomb.
• A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs
  is actually the equivalent in explosive power to
  what 2000 of our giant B-29's could have carried
  on a single mission. Radio Tokyo has told you
  that with the first use of this weapon of total
  destruction, Hiroshima was virtually destroyed.
• Before we use this bomb again and again to
  destroy every resource of the military by which
  they are prolonging this useless war, petition
  the Emperor now to end the war. Our President has
  outlined for you the thirteen consequences of an
  honorable surrender We urge that you accept
  these consequences and begin the work of building
  a new, better, and peace loving Japan.
• Act at once or we shall resolutely employ this
  bomb and all our other superior weapons to
  promptly and forcefully end the war."
• EVACUATE YOUR CITIES
• (This message was sent to the residents of
  Nagasaki before the second bomb was dropped.)

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WAR ENDS

• AUGUST 14, 1945
• JAPAN ACCEPTS U.S. TERMS
• SURRENDERS
• September 2, 1945

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V-J Day (Victory over Japan).
For millions of Americans, Alfred Eisenstaedt's
1945 LIFE photograph of a sailor stamping a
masterly kiss on a nurse symbolized the cathartic
joy of V-J Day.
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Crowds outside the White House celebrate V-J Day,
the Japanese surrender and the end of World War
II. August 1945