State some of the types of problems with the cardiac system.

1

• State some of the types of problems with the
  cardiac system.
• Explain the link from lifestyle to risk factors
• Analyse data to allow correlation and cause to be
  shown

2
Atheroma

• When LDL cholesterol builds up on the walls of
  arteries macrophages ingest
• They swell up and become foam cells
• These added to dead muscle cells, cholesterol and
  fibres block the artery.

3
Thrombosis

• Damage to the surface of blood vessels causes
  irregular blood flow.
• Prothrombim produced ? thrombin
• Fibrinogen ? fibrin
• Skin around blood clot dies from lack of oxygen
  etc.
• Blood clot can break off and travel through the
  circulatory system. EMBOLUS.

4
Aneurysm

• Damaged blood vessels leak into large bulging
  sacks called aneurysms
• These burst causing damage to blood flow and the
  death of cells around this leakage.
• If this happens in the brain the blood kills
  brain cells leading to a stroke.

5
Myocardial infarction

• Coronary artery becomes blocked in some way
• Oxygen not getting to heart
• Spasm of muscles
• Death

6
Smoking

• Nicotine Higher heart rate and blood pressure.
  Stickier red blood cells, more likely to clot.
• Carbon Monoxide Reduces oxygen carrying
  capacity of the blood permanently. Heart has to
  work harder to supply the muscles with blood
  more. Massive reduction causes lack of oxygen to
  the heart.

7
High Blood Pressure

• Lifestyle e.g.?
• Genetic
• More pressure on arteries, thicker blood flow
  leading to more clots.

8
Cholesterol

• Lifestyle e.g.?
• Genetic
• Antioxidants

9
Risk Factors

• How do these affect the different factors in your
  notes.