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Cell Differentiation

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Cell Differentiation SNC2D Tissues Although all cells in your body contain the same DNA, they are not all alike. Tissues Although all cells in your body contain the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cell Differentiation


1
Cell Differentiation
  • SNC2D

2
Tissues
  • Although all cells in your body contain the same
    DNA, they are not all alike.

3
Tissues
  • Although all cells in your body contain the same
    DNA, they are not all alike. They have different
    functions and therefore different forms.

4
Tissues
  • Groups of cells that work together to perform the
    same function are called tissues.

5
Tissues
  • Groups of cells that work together to perform the
    same function are called tissues.
  • In animals, the 4 types of tissues are

6
Epithelial Tissue
  • Epithelial tissue is made of cells that are
    tightly packed together to form a protective
    barrier. It lines the outer surface of the body
    and body cavities.

7
Connective Tissue
  • Connective tissue joins and supports structures.
    It includes tendons, ligaments, bones, cartilage,
    blood, and fat.

8
Muscle Tissue
  • Muscle tissue includes both skeletal muscles that
    help you move and smooth and cardiac muscles that
    help your organs move.

9
Nervous Tissue
  • Nervous tissue responds to stimuli and sends
    signals through the body.

10
Plant Tissues
  • There are similarly 4 types of tissues in plants
    vascular, (epi)dermal, ground, and meristematic.

11
Vascular Tissue
  • Vascular tissue transports water and nutrients
  • xylem moves water and minerals up from the
    roots phloem moves the photosynthesized sugar
    around

12
(Epi)dermal Tissue
  • Epidermal tissue forms the protective outer
    covering and allows the exchange of materials
    (e.g. O2 and CO2) in and out of the plant
    (through stomata).
  • Section of a leaf

13
Ground Tissue
  • Ground tissue provides support, stores water and
    nutrients, and is where photosynthesis happens
    (in the specialized mesophyll).
  • Section of a leaf

14
Meristematic Tissue
  • Meristematic tissue (e.g. onion root tips) is
    where growth occurs.

15
Meristematic Tissue
  • The cells in meristematic tissue are stem cells
    unspecialized cells that can become other
    specialized types of cells when exposed to
    special environmental conditions
    (differentiation).

16
Meristematic Tissue
  • The cells in meristematic tissue are stem cells
    unspecialized cells that can become other
    specialized types of cells when exposed to
    special environmental conditions
    (differentiation).
  • Stem cells also exist in animals, e.g. in the
    skin, blood and neural tissues of adult humans.

17
Stem Cells
  • Embryonic stem cells can become any type of cell.

18
Stem Cells
  • Understanding stem cells is important to
    understanding how the body can repair itself. . .
    .

19
Regeneration
  • Regeneration is the process whereby a body part
    is regrown (by the process of mitosis).
  • E.g. salamanders can regrow tails and even
    amputated limbs

20
Regeneration
  • Humans have a more limited ability to regenerate.
    However, researchers have been able to
    regenerate adult fingertips

21
Regeneration
  • . . . and have taken cells from patients to
    regrow parts of organs in labs, which are then
    transplanted back into the patients

22
Future Treatments
  • Researchers are also trying to discover how
    stem-cell-related treatments can be used to help
    the body fight cancers and recover from
    degenerative diseases like Parkinsons or
    Alzheimers.

23
The Future Is Now
  • 10 November 2010 Blood Breakthrough at Mac in
    the Hamilton Spectator

24
To Do
  • Answer the questions related to the Blood
    Breakthrough at Mac article
  • View the prepared slides of different types of
    tissues with the microscopes
  • Answer 1 5 on p. 41 and 1 5 on p. 45
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