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Nixon: Background/Views:

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Nixon: Background/Views: Background: WWII vet (Navy) 1946 - House of Reps. (HUAC) 1950 Senate race against Helen Douglas 1952 & 1956 - VP w/ Eisenhower – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nixon: Background/Views:


1
Nixon Background/Views
  • Background WWII vet (Navy)
  • 1946 - House of Reps. (HUAC)
  • 1950 Senate race against Helen Douglas
  • 1952 1956 - VP w/ Eisenhower
  • View of Presidency - strong presidents (TR FDR)
  • Passive President ? simpler past Now ?
    activist role

2
Major Domestic Events
  • 1) Supreme Court Appointments (4)
  • Chief Justice Warren Burger - strict
    constitutional interpretations replaced Earl
    Warren (liberal)
  • Reluctant to dismantle liberal rulings of the
    Warren Court
  • Roe v. Wade (1973) passed by conservative court

3
Warren Burger
4
Major Domestic Events
  • 2) Nixon funds the Great Society
  • Expansion of welfare programs
  • Food Stamps, Medicaid, AFDC (Aid to Families w/
    Dependent Children)
  • New program SSI (Supplemental Security Income)
    assist the indigent aged, blind, disabled
  • 1972 legislation ? automatic Social Security cost
    of living increases

5
Major Domestic Events
  • 3) Nixons Philadelphia Plan
  • Requires construction trade unions to establish
    goals timetables for hiring black apprentices
  • Expanded to all federal contracts
  • affirmative action now means hiring quotas
  • 4) Nixon the Supreme Court
  • Many educational employment opportunities
    opened to women minorities

6
Major Domestic Events
  • 5) The Environment
  • 1970 ? EPA OSHA
  • Clean Air Act of 1970
  • Endangered Species Act of 1973
  • Combated pollution car emissions, cleaned up
    waterways toxic waste sites
  • Modern muckraker ? Rachel Carsons Silent Spring

7
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8
Major Domestic Events
  • 6) Combating Inflation and the Trade Deficit
  • 1971 imposed a 90 day wage price freeze
  • To stimulate sagging exports US taken off the
    gold standard devalued the dollar

9
The United States Bullion Depository
10
The Nixon landslide of 1972
  • Candidates
  • (1) Nixon/ Agnew (R) campaign on record
  • foreign affairs w/draw from Vietnam (500,000)
  • Peiking Moscow trips
  • SALT Pacts (Soviets)
  • domestic affairs efforts ? inflation
  • opposition to busing (for integration)
  • Watergate break-in

11
The Nixon landslide of 1972
  • (2) George McGovern (D) Convention reform
    greater representation for minorities women
  • VP - Sargent Shriver
  • campaign immediate peace in Vietnam
  • sharp military cuts
  • drastic social reforms
  • (3) George Wallace (I) assassination attempt!!

12
Nixon 1972 Election
13
The Nixon landslide of 1972
14
Energy Problems
  • (1) Arab Oil Embargo (1973)
  • 4th Arab-Israeli War (Yom Kippur War) OPEC
    (raise prices US embargo)
  • (2) Immediate Long Range Programs
  • Immediate conservation adjust temperatures
    speed limits car pools
  • Long Range conservation electric nuclear
    plants Alaska pipeline explore US natural gas
    petroleum ? offshore

15
  • In this 1974 photo, a man at a service station
    reads about the gas rationing system in an
    afternoon newspaper a sign in the background
    states that no gas is available

16
Flags gas rationing stamps
17
Other Issues
  • Resignation of Agnew
  • No contest kickbacks, fraud, income tax
    evasion
  • Gerald Ford becomes VP
  • Watergate (see handout)

18
Senator Robert Griffin (MI) shakes hands with
President Richard M. Nixon while Vice
Presidential nominee Gerald R. Ford chats with a
well-wisher at a reception in the Blue Room
following Nixon's announcement of Ford as his
choice to succeed Spiro T. Agnew. October 13,
1973.
19
The complex. The Kennedy Center is visible in the
background. The boxy building at middle left is
the former Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge, used
during the 1972 Watergate burglaries to monitor
the break-ins and wiretaps across the street.
20
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21
Nixon Resigns
22
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23
Nixon Foreign Affairs
  • A. Vietnam Nixon promises peace with honor
    Vietnamization
  • The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the US would
    honor its existing defense commitments but that
    in the future, Asians and others would have to
    fight their own wars w/out the support of large
    bodies of US troops
  • 1973 - Kissinger negotiates a truce

24
Nixon Foreign Affairs (contd)
  • B. Middle East US pledges support ? Israel
    (right to exist)
  • US role in Yom Kippur War (energy crisis results)
  • Kissinger (disengagement agreements)
  • C. Detente w/ Russia Nixon Brezhnev
  • D. Arms Limitations 1972 - SALT I treaties
    signed in Moscow
  • E. Improved Relations w/ China 1972 - visit to
    China journey for peace

25
Nixon Foreign Affairs (contd)
  • F. Congress Foreign Affairs
  • (1) Cambodian (Khmer) Bombing Cutoff despite
    truce w/ Vietnam war in Cambodia continues
    Congress w/holds funds Nixon suspends bombing
    (Aug. 73)
  • (2) War-Powers Resolution of 1973
  • JFK LBJ Nixon ? war w/out declaration
    (Congress)
  • War Powers limits Presidents power
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