International Relations

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International Relations

• Tools of International Relations

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Tools

• Diplomacy
• Economics
• War
• International Law

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Vocabulary

• Diplomacy
• Embassy
• Ambassador
• Bilateral
• Multilateral
• Persona non grata
• Consulate
• Foreign Service

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Diplomacy

• Diplomacy Official political contact among
  governments the carrying out of foreign policy.
• Embassy The chief diplomatic representation of
  one country to another usually a house in the
  capital of the host country.

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Diplomacy Model
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Recognition

• Diplomatic recognition is an important symbol a
  country recognized diplomatically by many lands
  gains legitimacy and sovereignty.

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Diplomatic Missions
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Examples

• U.S. has a cultural institute in Taiwan
• Israel had a purchasing mission in West Germany
  after WWII
• There is a U.S. interests section in the Swiss
  embassy in Havana

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Diplomats

• Only some people have diplomatic status in an
  embassy
• The enjoy diplomatic immunity from arrest, trial,
  or imprisonment
• They have diplomatic license plates but they
  still have to pay parking tickets and fines

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Jobs in an Embassy

• CIA Central Intelligence Agency
• NSA National Security Agency
• Military Attaches
• Foreign Service Specialists and Foreign Service
  Officers (FSO) Career diplomats for the State
  Department

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Economics
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Trading Blocs
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Economics
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Examples

• U.S. embargo on Cuba since 1962
• U.S. sanctions against North Korea and Iran
• U.S. tariffs on imported steel
• U.S. ban on arms related exports to China
• OPEC imposes oil embargo on U.S. in 1973

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1973 Oil Embargo
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1973 Oil Embargo

• OPEC members imposed an oil embargo on the U.S.
  in October 1973, as punishment for resupplying
  Israel during the Yom Kippur War.
• The embargo caused the Nixon administration to
  broker a compromise between Israel and Syria.

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WTO

• The World Trade Organization was founded in 1995,
  and supervises international trade. It replaced
  the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT)
  signed in 1948.
• Reciprocity and Transparency (most favored nation
  status)

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War
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War
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Casus Belli Examples
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Asymmetric Warfare
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International Law

• Customary - results when states follow certain
  practices generally and consistently out of a
  sense of legal obligation
• Conventional - derives from international
  agreements

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International Law

• Treaties
• Bilateral, multilateral, executive agreement
• Protocols
• Territory
• International Court of Justice
• International Criminal Court

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ICC
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Treaties

• Treaty - An agreement under international law,
  entered into by actors in international law,
  namely sovereign states and international
  organizations.
• Treaties may also be known as international
  agreements, protocols, covenants, conventions, or
  exchange of letters.

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Bilateral - Multilateral

• Bilateral - treaty between two state parties
• Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel
• Multilateral - treaty between many parties
• Geneva Conventions, Law of the Sea

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Treaties

• A treaty enters into force in the United States
  when the President with the consent and advice of
  the Senate ratifies it
• Treaties are published in pamphlets known as
  (TIAS) and later bound books called (UST)