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Internet and IPv6

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Title: Internet and IPv6


1
Internet and IPv6
  • Reviews for EE290TMinghua Chen
  • minghua_at_eecs.berkeley.edu

2
Outline
  • Internet The Internet a tutorial, by J.
    Crowcroft
  • IPv6 The next generation of the Internet
    aspects of the Internet protocol version 6, by
    C. Lee et al.

3
Internet A Success
  • Underlying technique
  • IP addressing and routing
  • TCP/UDP data transmission control (e.g., error
    recovery, flow control)
  • Application
  • WWW (killer application)
  • E-mail
  • Telnet
  • Chat

4
Internet A Success
  • Underlying design
  • Connectionless datagram switching
  • Stateless end-to-end principle
  • Best effort
  • Client server model
  • Less assumptions ? more scalable robust ? easy
    to develop
  • Cost some performance loss (e.g. transmit data
    over a network whose MTU gtgt 576 bytes maximum
    packet size in IPv4)

5
Internet Mail System
Bottleneck
6
Internet Mail System
7
Problems in IPv4
The most urgent thing!!
  • Scalability
  • Address run out
  • Explosive routing tables (router is the bottle
    neck of Internet, instead of network speed)
  • QoS
  • Best effort is not enough
  • Commercialized Internet
  • Security

8
Address Run Out
  • 232 4,294,967,296, will run out before 2005
  • 32 bits should be enough address space for
    Internet Vint Cerf, 1977
  • 32 bit address space is approximately 107 times
    of the of computers in DARPA time.

9
Of Items In A BGP Routing Table
10
Effort On Saving IPv4
  • VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask)
  • Try to figure out problem of triple bears
  • CIDR(Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
  • NAT(Net Address Translation)
  • L3 Switching,MPLS
  • RSVP?RTP/RTCP?DirectRoute?SSL
  • However, due to scalability reason, a new IP
    protocol has to be developed

11
What Do IPv6 Do?
  • Address
  • 128 bits. How large it is?
  • 31038
  • Suppose earth as a smooth sphere, then there are
    one mol (6.021023) IPs/m2
  • Why 128 bits?
  • Unicast, multicast, anycast
  • For one interface, it can have multiple IPv6
    addresses
  • Routing
  • Prefix routing and aggregation (based on CIDR)
  • Address space is strictly aggregated
  • Fixed size based header

12
Difference In Header
13
What Do IPv6 Do?
  • MTU 576 bytes ? 1280 bytes
  • Type of Class (8 bits) and Flow label (20 bits)
    fields in header
  • Mobile IP
  • Redirect the route to the mobile node if needed
  • Security architecture
  • Protection for key header

14
What Do IPv6 Do?
  • Network management
  • Neighbor discovery
  • MTU
  • Address resolution
  • Network prefix
  • Address lifetimes
  • Address autoconfiguration
  • Use 64-bit IEEE EUI-64 address of the hardware
  • Network prefix 64-bit hardware address

15
IPv4 ? IPv6
  • Wont happen in one day
  • Dual protocol stacks
  • Currently, 6bone uses IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel to
    connect IPv6 nodes

IPv6 node
IPv6 node
IPv4 world
16
Discussions
  • IPv6 changes the underlying technique of
    Internet, then what will be the change in
    application? What will be the killer application
    in future?
  • In past, we have IPv4, then apps comes out how
    about todays situation?

17
Summary
  • Internet is a success
  • IPv4 has problems, especially in address space,
    routing, QoS and security
  • IPv6 want to address those problems
  • It may be a long time for IPv4 migrating to IPv6
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