Title: Do First
1Do First
- Grab the introductions to animals worksheet and
the invertebrate packet
2Introduction to Animals
3What characteristics do all animals share?
- They are multicellular
- Their cells are eukaryotic and lack walls
- They are heterotrophic by ingestion
- They mainly reproduce sexually
- They are able to move
4How are Animals Classified?
- BY THE LACK OR PRESENCE OF TRUE TISSUES
- True tissues are groups of similar cells that
perform a common function - Ex Muscle Tissue
5How are Animals Classified?
- BY BODY SYMMETRY
- Asymmetry is the lack of body symmetry
- Radial symmetry is when body parts are arranged
in a circle around a central axis - Bilateral symmetry is when the body can be
divided equally along one plane
6How are Animals Classified?
- BY THE PRESENSE AND TYPE OF INTERNAL BODY CAVITY
- 1.) Acoelomate
- No body cavity
- 2.) Pseudocoelomate
- No true body cavity
- 3.) Coelomate
- True body cavity
- Fluid-filled space b/t body wall and gut
7(No Transcript)
8How are Animals Classified?
- WHETHER OR NOT THE BODY IS ASSEMBLED IN SEGMENTS
9How are Animals Classified?
- BY THE PRESENSE OR ABSENCE OF JOINTED APPENDAGES
- Joints permit powerful movement and aid in
locomotion. - Allow animals to perform complex movements
10How are Animals Classified?
- WHETHER THEY DEVELOP IN A DEUTEROSTOME OR
PROTOSTOME PATTERN - In protostomes, the mouth is formed first, then
the anus - In deuterostomes, the anus is formed first, then
the mouth
11Notes
- 1. Take out your note packet
- 2. Think to yourself What is one way that
animals are classified?
12Phylum Porifera
13Members
- Sponges the simplest animals
14Body Structure
- Asymmetrical
- No tissues or organs
- Openings called pores (or ostia) cover body wall
- Cells are suspended in jelly like layer called
mesoglea - Skeleton made of spicules
15Feeding
- Sponges are filter feeders they filter plankton
from sea water - Water enters through ostia and waste exits
through oscula
Ostia
16Movement
- Adult sponges are sessile they are attached to
the ocean floor and cannot move - Larvae can swim
17Reproduction
- Asexual Budding and/or fragmentation
- Sexual
- Sperm is released and fertilizes egg that is
retained in sponge - Free swimming larva swims to another location
where it remains and develops into a new adult
18Unique Characteristics
- Spicules
- Asymmetry
- Collar Cells
19Phylum Cnidaria
20Members
- Hydras Corals Jellyfish Sea anemones
21Body Structure
- Radial Symmetry
- Body composed of outside (ectoderm) inside
(endoderm) layers - No body cavity
- Jelly fish have hydrostatic skeleton (water
filled cavity) that is under pressure
22Feeding
- They are predators they capture prey w/
stinging tentacles using cnidocytes - Gastrovascular cavity allows for 2 way feeding
23Movement
- Cnidarians have two body forms
- Medusa Free floating mushroom shaped
- Polyp Attached to rock pipe shaped
24Reproduction
- Asexual by budding
- Sexual
- Release gametes into water
- After fertilization, the larva is free-swimming
- The larva then develops into an adult
25Unique Characteristics
- Cnidocytes (stinging cells)
Nematocyst
Cnidocyte
26Phylum Platyhelminthes
27Members
- Flatworms
- Tapeworms, flukes,
planarians
28Body Structure
- Bilateral Symmetry
- Anterior/posterior
- Dorsal/ventral
- Sense organs grouped at the anterior end
- Better to sense where you are going than where
you have been (foreshadows brain) - Three tissue layers (ecto, meso, endoderm) no
coelom - Ocelli function as eyes
29Feeding
- One opening allows for 2 way digestion
- The opening is called the pharynx and is found on
the ventral side in the middle
30Movement
- Muscles found in mesoderm aid in movement
- Bilateral symmetry, nerves at one end (ganglion),
and ocelli allow for movement in forward
direction
31Reproduction
- Asexual Regeneration
- Sexual
- Many are hermaphroditic
- This characteristic is common in parasites
why?
32Unique Characteristics
33Phylum Nematoda
34Members
- Roundworms
- Ex Hookworms pinworms heartworms
Elephantiatis is caused by a type of roundworm
blocking the lymphatic system, causing limbs to
swell
35Body Structure
- Bilateral Symmetry
- Not Segmented
- Three tissue layers
- Pseudocoelom
- Nerve cells and sensory cells located towards head
36Feeding
- The digestive system has separate openings for
feeding and waste elimination (one-way!) Not very
differentiated - This allows them
to acquire more
food, which
increases their
activity level
37Movement
- Long layers of muscle that pull against the
bodys outer covering and the pseudocoelom whips
the worms body from side to side - Better coordinated than acoelomates
38Reproduction
- Usually reproduce sexually
39Unique Characteristics
40Phylum Mollusca
41Members
- Snails, slugs, octopus, squid,
oysters, mussels, and others
42Body Structure
- Bilateral Symmetry
- Three tissue layers with TRUE COELOM (reduced in
size) - Isolates the internal organs from
body-wall movements, allowing for increased
activity level and increased organ complexity - Have soft bodies (some have shells)
- Not segmented
- Organ systems for excretion, circulation,
respiration, digestion, reproduction
43Feeding
- Most have a radula which scrapes food off of
rocks or plant matter - Food is digested in the stomach and intestine of
the one way digestive tract - Wastes are passed out of the anus
44Movement
- Widely varied
- Some glide along surface (ex snails)
- Some shoot water out of a siphon to propel
themselves or, creep along using suction cups
(octopus) - Some are mostly
sessile, but can
open and close their
shells quickly to
propel themselves
(mussels)
45Reproduction
- Sexes are usually separate
- Fertilization occurs externally in most aquatic
mollusks - Fertilization occurs internally in most
terrestrial mollusks and octopuses - Larva is called trocophore
46Unique Characteristics
- Radula used to scrape food off of surfaces
47Phylum Annelida
48Members
- Segmented worms Earthworms, marine worms,
leeches
49Body Structure
- Bilaterally Symmetrical
- Have segmentation Repeated sections of body
that contain complex sets of body structures - Three tissue layers
- Coelom
- Organ systems for excretion, digestion,
circulation, sensing, etc
50Feeding
- Separate openings for mouth and anus
- Eat organic waste material
- They excrete digested material (called castings)
that helps maintain nutrient-rich soil
Leeches are sanguivorous - they feed as blood
sucking parasites on preferred hosts.
51Movement
- Annelids use their hydrostatic skeleton to move
from one place to another - Their characteristic crawling motion is due to
different sets of muscles lengthening and
shortening at different times - Peristalsis Video
-
52Reproduction
- Asexual by fragmentation
- Sexual
- Some are hermaphroditic
- Some have separate sexes
53Unique Characteristics
54Phylum Arthropoda
Jointed
Feet
55Members
- Crustaceans, Spiders, Insects
56Body Structure
- Bilaterally Symmetrical
- Three tissue layers
- Coelom
- Segmented
- Covered with an exoskeleton made of chitin
- Jointed waterproof
- Well developed brain and sense organs
57Feeding
- Arthropods have a completely differentiated
digestive system (each part as a special job) - They can be carnivores, herbivores, detritus
feeders, filter feeders, and parasites - Typically, paired appendages around the mouth are
used for collecting and handling food and are
usually specialized according to their diet
58Movement
- Joints permit powerful movement and aid in
locomotion - Muscles in arthropods are attached to the
endoskeleton across joints - Different groups of arthropods are adapted for
movement on land, water, in the sky
59Reproduction
- Sexes are usually separate
- Fertilization usually occurs externally
- In many species, such as spiders, the young look
like miniature adults - The young of other arthropod species have little
or no physical resemblance to adults and go
through metamorphosis
60Unique Characteristics
- Jointed exoskeleton made of chitin
61Phylum Echinodermata
Skinned
Spiny
62Members
- Sea urchins, brittle stars and sea cucumbers
63Body Structure
- Have an endoskeleton made of calcium
- Bilateral symmetry as larvae radial symmetry as
adults - Nervous system called nerve ring allows them to
perform complex movements - Have a coelom (body cavity) that functions as a
simple circulatory and respiratory systems
64Feeding
- One-way digestion (mouth on ventral side anus on
dorsal side) - Echinoderms can eat by ejecting their stomachs
out of their mouths onto a food source and
slurping up the food source once it has been
digested by stomach enzymes - Sometimes, their food sources are harder to get
to they can use their tube feet to suction open
a prey item before digesting it
65Movement
- Echinoderms have hundreds of tube feet on their
ventral side that act as little suckers - The tube feet allow them to crawl along surfaces
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKIIy0vj6wQEfeature
related
66Reproduction
- Some are hermaphroditic some have separate sexes
- Asexually Fragmentation (if an arm breaks off,
it can develop into a whole new organism) - Sexually Females and males release their
gametes (eggs and sperm) into water, where
fertilization occurs
67Unique Characteristics