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Attachments Formed as Adults

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Title: Attachments Formed as Adults


1
AttachmentsFormed as Adults
  • Tamara Arrington
  • COM 252

2
(No Transcript)
3
John Bowlby Mary Ainsworth
4
Bowbly Ainsworth
  • Bowlby was inspired by two children
  • An affectionless child without a stable mother
    figure
  • An anxious child who followed him around
  • Ainsworth, M. Bowlby, J. (1991).
  • An ethological approach to personality
    development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341.
  • http//www.psych.nwu.edu/hedlund/bol-ain.html
  • Ainsworth was inspired by two undergraduate
    psychology courses at Univ. of Toronto
  • Experimental Research
  • Theory of Security

5
Bowlby Ainswroth
  • Bowlby and Ainsworth find evidence of the adverse
    effects on development attributable to a childs
    lack of a mother figure.
  • Ainsworth, M. Bowlby, J. (1991).
  • An ethological approach to personality
    development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341.
  • http//www.psych.nwu.edu/hedlund/bol-ain.html

6
Bowlby Ainswroth
  • 1950-1954 Bowlby finds his theory
  • Attachments are as important in life as eating
    and sexual behavior, and are a major component to
    human behavior. He believes that separation
    anxiety occurs in the absence of an attachment
    figure.
  • Ainsworth, M. Bowlby, J. (1991).
  • An ethological approach to personality
    development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341.
  • http//www.psych.nwu.edu/hedlund/bol-ain.html

7
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • 1954-1963 Ainsworth studied mothers and babies in
    several Uganda villages.
  • She discovered three different levels of
    attachment.
  • SECURELY ATTACHED
  • INSECURELY ATTACHED
  • NONATTACHED
  • Ainsworth, M. Bowlby, J. (1991).
  • An ethological approach to personality
    development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341.
  • http//www.psych.nwu.edu/hedlund/bol-ain.html

8
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • So, how do researchers know what kind of
    attachments a particular child has?
  • The Strange Situation is a laboratory procedure
    used to assess infant attachment style. The
    procedure consists of eight episodes
  • (Connell goldsmith, 1982 ainsworth, Blehar,
    Waters, Wall, 1978). IN Attachment Theory The
    Strange Stiuation http//www.personalityresearch
    .org/attachment/strange.html

9
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • The Strange Situation
  • 1.Parent and infant are introduced to the
    experimental room
  • 2. Parent and infant are alone. Parent does
    not participate while infant explores.
  • 3. Stranger enters, converses with parent,
    then approaches infant. Parent leaves
    inconspicuously.

10
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • The Strange Situation
  • 4. First separation episode Strangers
    behavior is geared to the infant.
  • 5. First reunion episode Parent greets and
    comforts infant, then leave again.
  • 6. Second separation episode Infant is alone.

11
Bolby Ainsworth
  • 7. Continuation of second separation episode
    Stranger enters and gears behavior to the
    infant.
  • 8. Second reunion episode parent enters,
    greets infant, and picks up infant stranger
    leaves inconspicuously.
  • (Connell Goldsmith, 1982 Ainsworth, Blehar,
    Waters, Wall, 1978). IN Attachment Theory The
    Strange Stiuation http//www.personalityresearch
    .org/attachment/strange.html

12
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • The Strange Situation
  • The infants behavior upon the parents return is
    the basis for classifying the infant into one of
    three attachment categories.
  • (Connell Goldsmith, 1982 Ainsworth, Blehar,
    Waters, Wall, 1978). IN Attachment Theory The
    Strange Stiuation http//www.personalityresearch
    .org/attachment/strange.html

13
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • The Strange Situation studies showed that crying
    was a normal response by secure children.
  • Secure When the mother would then pick the baby
    up, secure children would stop crying, and then
    look forward to explore.
  • Great Ideas In Personality. Three Types of
    Attachements. http//www.psych.nwu.edu/sengupta/
    attachment.html

14
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • Anxious/Ambivalent The infants that were
    anxious/ambivalents would constantly cry, even
    after their mother had comforted them.
  • Great Ideas In Personality. Three Types of
    Attachements. http//www.psych.nwu.edu/sengupta/
    attachment.html

15
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • Avoidants The infants that fell into the
    category of avoidants would not have any
    emotional response when their mother left, nor
    would they be affected when their mother
    returned.
  • Great Ideas In Personality. Three Types of
    Attachements. http//www.psych.nwu.edu/sengupta/
    attachment.html

16
Attachment Theory
  • Keep in mind that it was in 1957 that Harry
    Harlow began his studies using rhesus monkeys.

17
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • According to the Attachment Theory explained in
    the article entitled An Ethological Approach to
    Personality Development by John Bowlby Mary
    Ainsworth, personality development is based on
    the interaction of the child and the caregiver
    during infancy and early childhood .
  • Ainsworth, M. Bowlby, J. (1991).
  • An ethological approach to personality
    development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341.
  • http//www.psych.nwu.edu/hedlund/bol-ain.html

18
Bowlby Ainsworth
  • Cont. from previous slide
  • The theory takes into account real-life events
    concerning the relationship between a child and
    his or her mother
  • The following chart reference
  • Ainsworth, M. Bowlby, J. (1991).
  • An ethological approach to personality
    development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341.
  • http//www.psych.nwu.edu/hedlund/bol-ain.html

19
Development of Security
Security Development Effect on Personality
Immature Dependent Security Develops during infancy as result of infants ability to rely on a parent figure for care This type of security gives the infant ability to explore surrounding world knowing that they can retreat to the parent
Independent Security Develops during child-hood as the child gradually learns skills to cope w/surroundings As child matures, he or she becomes fully emancipated from his or her parents
Mature Dependent Security Develops during adult-hood as one develops ability to form mutually contributing, give/take relationships w/partner of same generation An adult can supply a secure base to a partner in a relationship
20
Adult Attachments
  • Secure These are people who had a loving
    childhood, and were well cared for by their
    mothers. Secure people do not avoid people, and
    at the same time, do not feel the need to
    constantly dependent on other people.
  • Great Ideas In Personality. Three Types of
    Attachements. http//www.psych.nwu.edu/sengupta/
    attachment.html

21
Adult Attachments
  • Avoidants These are people who have been
    constantly denied any physical contact by their
    mothers when they were infants. Avoidants tend
    to express behavior of detachment.
  • Great Ideas In Personality. Three Types of
    Attachements. http//www.psych.nwu.edu/sengupta/
    attachment.html

22
Adult Attachments
  • Anxious/Ambivalent These people who as infants
    had mothers who were slow and inconsistent to
    respond to their cries. Anxious/Ambivalents tend
    to express feelings of protest, and are very
    distrustful of others.
  • Great Ideas In Personality. Three Types of
    Attachements. http//www.psych.nwu.edu/sengupta/
    attachment.html

23
Attachment Theory Adult Love
  • 62 ADULTS SECURE
  • 23 ADULTS ANXIOUS/AMBIVALENT
  • 15 ADULTS AVOIDANT
  • Great Ideas In Personality. Three Types of
    Attachements. http//www.psych.nwu.edu/sengu
    pta/attachment.html
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