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Grammar Unit 1

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Grammar Unit 1 Basic Patterns Simple subject and predicates Subject=doer of sentence Predicate=verb; the act of the doer Examples: Mary sang at our concert. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Grammar Unit 1


1
Grammar Unit 1
  • Basic Patterns

2
Simple subject and predicates
  • Subjectdoer of sentence
  • Predicateverb the act of the doer
  • Examples Mary sang at our concert.
  • Find subject and predicate
  • Mary is the subject
  • Sang is the predicate

3
Simple SP cont
  • Simple Subjectthe doer with no phrases or
    modifiersjust the noun(s)
  • Simple predicatethe verb with no modifiers
  • Example A plate of cookies enticed him to eat.
  • Example Joe played in the park.

4
Compound subjects and predicates
  • A sentence can have more than one subject and
    more than one predicate
  • Example John and his friend went to the game.
  • Example Bob stood in the aisle and spoke loudly.

5
Commands
  • In commands, the subject of the sentence is
    usually understood.
  • Example Wash the dishes. You wash the dishes.
  • Example Stop and listen. You stop and listen.

6
Practice
  • Find the simple subject and simple predicate.
  • Pete and Jim skated all weekend.
  • Jerry walked to the Oaks Mall.
  • Come in from the rain.
  • Her mother left in anger.
  • Jim spoke clearly and forcefully.
  • Jane writes well.

7
First Basic Pattern Subject, Intransitive Verb
  • Intransitive Verb A verb that is complete in
    itself. Does not need another word to complete
    its meaning.
  • Example John jumped into the water.
  • John jumped is a complete sentence. Jump is an
    intransitive verb.
  • Example Beth ran in the marathon last month.

8
Modifiers
  • Verbs can have modifiersAdverbs
  • A verb or phrase that modifies the verb answers
    the questions how, when, where, why, or how much
    (to what extent)
  • Example Jack left later.
  • Example I jumped on my bed.

9
Practice
  • Identify the word or phrase that modifies the
    verb and identify the simple subject and
    predicate.
  • My fountain pen writes better every day.
  • The leaf drifted slowly to the ground.
  • Robert painted in the dark.
  • Jane swam in Jacks swimming pool.
  • She works for money.

10
Second Basic Pattern Subject, Transitive Verb,
Direct Object
  • Transitive Verb a verb that is not complete in
    itself needs a noun or a pronoun to complete it
    called a direct object.
  • Direct object for a transitive verb always
    answers the questions what or whom
  • A complement is not a modifier. It has to be
    part of the basic pattern.

11
For instance
  • If someone said to you, Yesterday, I bought.
    You would probably ask, What did you buy?
  • Bought, in this sentence, is not an intransitive
    verb. It needs a direct object.

12
Practice
  • Identify the basic pattern 2 for the following
    sentences (subject, transitive verb, direct
    object)
  • My sister bought a new dress yesterday.
  • Finish your homework.
  • She broke her arm during practice.
  • Take this book to the library.
  • Debra lost an earring during the dance.

13
Compound Predicates and Basic Pattern 2
  • A compound predicate occurs when the sentence has
    more than one verb. In the same sentence, one
    verb can be transitive and one can be
    intransitive.
  • Example Bill left early and took a bouquet of
    roses to his girlfriend.

14
Compound Direct Objects
  • Sometimes a transitive verb can have more than
    one direct object
  • Example Joan took paper and pencils to the exam
    on Saturday.

15
Practice
  • Identify the basic pattern for the following
    sentences.
  • Our old car needs a thorough overhauling.
  • Wash the windows and woodwork in your room.
  • Greg ordered two hamburgers and fries.
  • My brother borrowed Dads car and went to a
    dance.

16
Active and Passive Voice
  • Voice shows how a verb speaks. A voice is active
    when the doer performs the act.
  • Paul wrote on the blackboard.
  • A voice speaks passively when the doer receives
    the action.
  • The sweater was torn by Margaret.

17
Practice
  • Rewrite the following sentences in active voice.
  • The solo was sang beautifully by Jane.
  • My brother was grabbed by the bully.
  • A message was sent by Ted to his brother.

18
Third Basic Pattern Subject, Linking Verb,
Subject Complement
  • Linking verb links the subject with its
    complement
  • Referred to as a state-of-being verb it does
    not act
  • State-of-being verbs am, is, are, was, were, be,
    been
  • The complement of a linking verb refers back to
    the subject
  • Example The captain is Tom.

19
Complements
  • The complement of a linking verb can be a noun,
    pronoun, or an adjective
  • Find the complements
  • Jerry is an excellent swimmer.
  • Jerry is he.
  • Jerry is happy.

20
Transitive Verbs vs. Linking Verbs
  • Molly won the tennis tournament.
  • Pattern Molly won tournament
  • Tournament completes verb, not subject
  • Molly was a tennis champion.
  • Pattern Molly was champion
  • Molly and champion are the same
  • Champion complements Molly, not the verb

21
Some practice
  • Look at the following sentences
  • Brian played ball in the park.
  • Ball complements?
  • Sally wrote a letter to her aunt.
  • Letter complements?
  • Jim is a good math student.
  • Student complements.

22
State-of-being Verbs
  • Most common linking verbs are forms of to be am,
    is, are, was, were, be, been
  • To be linking, the verb must link. I
  • No linking, then the verb is intransitive
  • Example Mary was in her room. (not linking)
  • Example Mary was a teacher. (linking)

23
Practice
  • Determine if the state-of-being verbs in the
    following sentences are linking verbs or
    intransitive verbs.
  • I will be famous.
  • The flowers were beautiful.
  • Jeff was working for my father.
  • The books were taken to the library.
  • My father was chief engineer.
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