Key Terms

1
Key Terms Revolution in Russia

• Revolution of 1905
• The Duma
• Russian Revolution of 1917
• Vladimir Lenin
• Communism
• Bolsheviks
• Reds vs. Whites
• War Communism
• Atheism

• New Economic Policy
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
• Joseph Stalin
• Command Economy/Planned Economy
• Five Year Plan
• Collectivization
• Gulag

2
Revolution of 1905

• The defeat in the Russo-Japanese War brought
  civil unrest over lack of industry and modernity,
  which the Russian citizens sought many formed
  labor unions and struck.
• Tensions also increased over Poles and Ukranians
  seeking to create independent states many
  marched on the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg.
• Soldiers would fire upon the crowd in what would
  become a massacre.

3
Results of the Revolution of 1905

• A violent revolt would against the reign of Czar
  Nicholas II would occur forcing the czar to take
  actions to placate the crowd
• He would create the Duma ? a Russian parliament
• The Duma would be under his control and Nicholas
  II would prevent it from representing the general
  will.

4
Background to the Russian Revolution

• Russian entrance into World War I first served to
  unify the people of Russia but as the defeats and
  death tolls began to pile up, the Russians lost
  their fervor for the war.
• Czar Nicholas II would not end the war and in
  March 1917, he would be deposed.
• Moderate leaders would attempt to control Russia
  through a temporary government but they too would
  not end the war forcing another revolution in
  1917 led by Vladimir Lenin.

5
Vladimir I. Lenin

• Lenin believed in a more violent version of
  socialism known as communism.
• Communism ? form of socialism that encouraged the
  use of violent revolt to overthrow the capitalist
  system.
• Lenin encouraged the peasantry to revolt against
  the nobility and take their share of land from
  the government if peasants joined his caused
  they were promised land in return.

6
The Bolsheviks and Reds v. Whites

• Lenin's political party, the Bolsheviks
  (communists) slowly took over control of Russia
  and by 1918, was able to gain enough control to
  pull Russia out of World War I.
• The Russians would cede a large chunk of their
  land to Germany (most of their industries were
  located in those territories) in the Treaty of
  Brest-Litvosk.
• Civil War would erupt over complete control of
  Russia, this would be known as Reds v. Whites.
• Lenin would plunge Russia into War Communism as a
  result ? government control of industries banks
  and railroads and the seizing of large amounts of
  crops from peasants under a communist government
  system.

7
Lenin's Government

• Workers were allowed to partake in Lenin's
  government but it would be limited by Lenin
  himself.
• Could elect representatives to a lawmaking body.
• Religious worship was discouraged, atheism became
  the official belief system ? the belief that God
  does not exist.
• Class distinctions were forbidden, people could
  only refer to each other as comrade.
• Russia became a one party country, the Communist
  Party.
• Newspapers were censored
• The Romanovs were executed to prevent the Whites
  from re-establishing their rule.

8
Economic Changes

• Lenin would ease the hardship caused by civil war
  by introducing the New Economic Policy (NEP)
• The New Economic Policy stipulated
• Peasants can sell surplus grain for profit
• Small manufacturers could regain control of their
  businesses
• Russia would also change its name to the Union of
  Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) or the
  Soviet Union.

9
Joseph Stalin

• Upon the death of Lenin in 1924, Joseph Stalin
  would take control of the Soviet Union.
• He replaced the NEP with a command or planned
  economy ? economic system in which the government
  dictates what is made, how much is made, and what
  it is sold for.

10
Five Year Plan 1 (1927)

• Stalin sought to catch up to the major
  industrialized countries within ten years to make
  the country economically viable.
• He would do this through two Five Year Plans ?
  massive goals set forth to be accomplished in
  five years through very rigorous actions.
• The first five year plan was to increase
  industrial output by 250 and agricultural
  output by 150
• To make this drastic jump happen, he took over
  all of the industries and stripped peasants of
  their land.
• Many peasants were relocated to collectivized
  farms, factories, mines, or construction sites.

11
Collectivization of Farms

• - Peasants resisted the collectivization of farms
  ? government seizure of small farms to be merged
  into larger farms.
• - Many burned their land as a means of preventing
  Stalin from acquiring it.
• - Stalin would respond by engaging in terror
  famine or allowing his citizens to starve to
  death for their actions.
• - Regardless of the cost, Stalin declared the
  first five year plan a success in three years and
  planned his next five year plan.

12
Five Year Plan 2

• - Stalin would launch his second five year plan
  in 1933, this time he would focus on becoming
  economically independent from the west.
• - He would increase steel output and heavy
  industry at the cost of consumer goods and would
  lead the Soviet Union to becoming one of the
  world's leaders in industrial production second
  only to Germany and the United States.