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Modeling and Simulation

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Title: Modeling and Simulation


1
Modeling and Simulation
2
Warm-up Activity (1 of 3)
  • You will be given a set of nine pennies. Lets
    assume that one of the pennies is a counterfeit
    that is slightly heavier than the other pennies.
    If we had a scale and you could make three
    measurements, how would you determine which penny
    is counterfeit?

3
Warm-up Activity (1 of 3)
4
Warm-up Activity (2 of 3)
  • With the same set of nine pennies, lets now
    assume that one of the pennies is a counterfeit
    and that is might be slightly heavier OR lighter
    than the other pennies. If we had a scale and
    you could make three measurements, how would you
    determine which penny is counterfeit AND whether
    it is heavier or lighter?

5
Warm-up Activity (2 of 3)
6
Warm-up Activity (3 of 3)
  • Can you repeat the previous exercise with 12
    coins???

7
Warm-up Activity (3 of 3)
Possibly heavy
Possibly Light
Possibly heavy
8
Modeling and SimulationSwarm Theory
The Wisdom of Crowds
9
What is a Swarm?
  • A swarm is a collective noun used to describe a
    large group of animals, usually in motion (bees,
    ants, people, etc.).
  • Other collective nouns

Animal Collective Noun
Geese Gaggle
Crows Murder
Barracuda Battery
Sharks Shiver
Tilapia Taint
A flock of seagulls.
A school of fish.
An army of ants.
10
What is Swarming?
  • Swarming is a behavior that describes how a group
    of individual animals/objects move together in
    the same direction all at once.
  • Some things most swarms have in common
  • No one person is in control (there is no general)
  • Members only talk to those close to them
  • The collective behavior is organized/intelligent
  • The whole group is responsive to minute changes

11
What is Swarm Theory?
  • Swarm Theory is the modeling and simulation of
    the collective behavior of groups of simple
    agents.
  • The wisdom of crowds.

Extra Credit ??? Pts Read the first two
chapters of James Surowieckis The Wisdom of
Crowds and write a two page, double spaced paper
that summarizes his thoughts.
12
Why is Swarm Theory Important?
  • Computers have changed our lives
  • Industry Emergencies
  • Military Internet
  • Management Traffic Control
  • Not all problems can be solved with traditional
    hardware and software!!!

13
Models for Swarming Behavior
The whole is greater than the sum of each
part. Solve complex problems using simple
agents.
  • Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
  • Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
  • Ants are great at finding the closest source of
    food
  • Ants use pheromones to communicate information
  • Birds are excellent at finding multiple sources
    of food simultaneously
  • Birds broadcast information locally

14
Ant Colony Optimization
  • Ants Foraging
  • Cooperative search using pheromone trails

ACO finds shortest route!!!
15
Particle Swarm Optimization
  • Birds Foraging
  • Flock searches the entire space
  • I found food!!! is only broadcast locally
  • Rest of flock continues to search

16
Building Blocks of Swarm Theory
  • In nature, all swarms are self-organizing and use
    these principles
  • Positive Feedback
  • Negative Feedback
  • Fluctuation/Randomness
  • Multiple Interactions

17
Swarm Theory
  • Homework
  • Download U1H1.doc
  • Watch the online video clip listed in the
    document
  • Answer the questions
  • Turn in your answers at start of class tomorrow
  • Read over tomorrows lecture (U1 L2.ppt)
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