Migration

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Migration
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Migration

• Migration A change in residence that is intended
  to be permanent.
• Emigration-leaving a country.
• Immigration-entering a country.

Little Haiti, Miami, Florida
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• On average, Americans move once every 6 years.
• US population is the most mobile in the world
  with over 5 million moving from 1 state to
  another every year.
• 35 million move within a state, county or
  community each year.
• Migration a key factor in the speed of diffusion
  of ideas and innovation.
• Our perception of distance and direction are
  often distorted-thus a sizable of migrants
  return to their original home due to these
  distorted perceptions.

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Key Factors in Migration

• External Migration-from one country to another
  (emigration immigration)
• Internal Migration-from one part of a country to
  another part
• Direction
• Absolute-compass directions
• Relative-Sun Belt, Middle East, Far East, Near
  East
• Distance
• Absolute distance as the crow flies
• Relative distance-actual distance due to routes
  taken such as highways or railroads

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Catalysts of Migration

• Economic conditions-poverty and a desire for
  opportunity.
• Political conditions-persecution, expulsion, or
  war.
• Environmental conditions-crop failures, floods,
  drought, environmentally induced famine.
• Culture and tradition-threatened by change.
• Technology-easier and cheaper transport or change
  in livability.

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• Chain migration-migration of people to a specific
  location because of relatives or members of the
  same nationality already there.
• Refugees-those who have been forced to migrate.
• Push-Pull Factors-push factors induce people to
  leave. Pull factors encourage people to move to
  an area.
• Distance decay-contact diminishes with increasing
  distance. (both diffusion and migration)

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Internal Migration - Movement within a single
countrys borders (implying a degree of
permanence).
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Voluntary Migration Migrants weigh push and
pull factors to decide first, to emigrate from
the home country and second, where to go.
Distance Decay weighs into the decision to
migrate, leading many migrants to move less far
than they originally contemplate.
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Economic Conditions Migrants will often risk
their lives in hopes of economic opportunities
that will enable them to send money home
(remittances) to their family members who remain
behind.
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Environmental Conditions In Montserrat, a 1995
volcano made the southern half of the island,
including the capital city of Plymouth,
uninhabitable. People who remained migrated to
the north or to the U.S.
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Economic Opportunities Islands of Development
Places within a region or country where foreign
investment, jobs, and infrastructure are
concentrated.
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Economic Opportunities In late 1800s and early
1900s, Chinese migrated throughout Southeast Asia
to work in trade, commerce, and finance.
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• Reconnecting Cultural Groups
• About 700,000 Jews migrated to then-Palestine
  between 1900 and 1948.
• After 1948, when the land was divided into two
  states (Israel and Palestine), 600,000
  Palestinian Arabs fled or were pushed out of
  newly-designated Israeli territories.

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Jerusalem, Israel Jewish settlements on the West
Bank.
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Ernst Ravensteins Laws of migration1885 he
studied the migration of England

• Most migrants go only a short distance.
• Big cities attract long distance migrants.
• Most migration is step-by-step.
• Most migration is rural to urban
• Each migration flow produces a counterflow.
• Most migrants are adults-families are less likely
  to make international moves.
• Most international migrants are young males.

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Major Modern Migrations

• Europe to North America South America
• Africa to the Americas (Slave Trade)
• UK to Australia, New Zealand
• India to East Africa, SE Asia
• China to SE Asia
• Eastern US to Western US
• Western Russia to Eastern Russia

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Trans-Siberian Railway increased migration to the
east.
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International Migration Movement across
country borders (implying a degree of
permanence).
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Waves of Immigration-US 1820-2001

• Changing immigration laws, and changing push and
  pull factors create waves of immigration.

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