Basic Cell Structure - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Basic Cell Structure

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Basic Cell Structure Cell Membrane a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cells contents (insides) from its environment (outsides). – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Basic Cell Structure


1
Basic Cell Structure
2
Cell Membrane
  • a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates
    the cells contents (insides) from its environment
    (outsides).
  • The cell membrane controls what enters and
    leaves the cell.
  • Also called the plasma membrane.

3
Cytoplasm
  • a semi-fluid substance made mostly of water and
    organic compounds that is found between the cell
    membrane and the nucleus.
  • Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm.

4
Organelles
  • Structures that perform specific functions within
    a cell
  • little organs

5
Cytoskeleton
  • a network of protein fibers and tubes that extend
    throughout the cytoplasm. This network gives the
    cell support and helps to maintain or change its
    shape.

6
Nucleus
  • The control center of a cell. It is the most
    easily seen of the cells organelles.
  • The nucleus contains most of the cells genetic
    material.
  • It is surrounded by a double membrane called a
    nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope.

7
Chromosomes located in the nucleus, the cells
genetic information DNA (nucleic acids)
  • Nucleolus a dense portion of the nucleus
    where ribosomes are made.

8
Ribosomes
  • Small organelles that help assemble amino acids
    into protein chains. They are found floating in
    the cytoplasm and attached to membranes.
  • Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have ribosomes.

9
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • A large network of membranes that produce
    materials for the cell

10
There are TWO types of Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and
    functions in the synthesis (making) of proteins
  • Smooth ER Makes lipids, processes carbohydrates
    and toxic waste.

11
Golgi Apparatus
  • a series of flat, membrane-bound sacs that sorts,
    packages, and transports substances in the cell.
  • Vesicle sac containing manufactured materials

12
Mitochondria
  • Energy producing organelles. They change energy
    stored in food compounds into energy usable by
    the cell (ATP).

13
Lysosomes
  • Saclike organelles that contain digestive enzymes
    to break down macromolecules (such as proteins)
    or old organelles.
  • Mostly found in animal cells

14
Cilia
  • short, hair-like projections that are found in
    large numbers on the surface of certain cells.
  • Function in movement

15
Flagella
  • A long, tail-like projection used in movement.

16
Put it all together!
17
Plant vs Animal Cells
18
Cell Wall
  • Plant cells have a cell wall that is a tough
    rigid outer covering that protects the plant cell
    and helps it maintain its shape. It is composed
    mostly of cellulose. Fungi, algae, and bacteria
    also have cell walls.
  • Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls.

19
Chloroplast
  • structures that enable the plant to make sugar
    through photosynthesis. Contain chlorophyll (a
    pigment) that gives the plant cell its green
    color.

20
Vacuole
  • All plant cells contain a large central vacuole
    a membrane bound compartment that serves many
    functions. The main function is the absorption
    of water, but they also may store proteins, ions
    and waste products.
  • Animal cells may have vacuoles, but they are very
    small.

21
Centriole
  • Animal cells also have centrioles small
    cylinder shaped organelles that help move
    chromosomes during cell division.
  • NOT found in plants
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