Hematologic%20System

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Hematologic System

• Josalyn

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What is it?

• The production and transport of blood.
• Is part of, and assists with Lymphatic System,
  and Immune System.
• Functions-
• Supplies Oxygen, nutrients, and chemicals to the
  body
• Transports waste to organs for removal

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Structure

• Hematopoiesis- medical term for blood formation.
• Leucopoiesis- Leukocyte production.
• 55 of blood is liquid.
• 45 of blood is formed material.

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Liquids

• Serum- liquid w/o clotting proteins.
• Plasma- liquid with clotting proteins.
• Coagulant- A clotting protein, ex Fibrinogen.
• Anticoagulant- prevents clotting, ex blood
  thinners.
• Fats- triglycerides and cholesterol.

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Formed Materials

• Erythrocyte- Mature red blood cell.
• Reticulocyte- immature red blood cell,
  characterized by mesh-like pattern of threads.
• Macrophage- large cell that eats bad blood
  cells.
• Leukocyte- white blood cell.

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Formed Materials, cont.

• Granulocyte- cell with grain-like structures in
  cytoplasm.
• Agranulocyte- cell with out grain-like structure.
• Basophilic- stained w/ basic (blue) dyes.
• Eosenophilic- stained w/ acidic (pink) dyes.

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Formed Material, cont.

• Clotting Cells
• Thrombocyte- nucleated clotting cell, contains
  nucleus.
• Platelet- enucleated clotting cell, no nucleus.
• Megakaryocyte- large nucleated cell in bone
  marrow that makes Platelets.

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Lymphatic System

• Part of immune system.
• Interstitial Fluid- fluid that flows between and
  nourishes cells.
• Lymph- interstitial fluid that is in the
  lymphatic capillaries.
• Lymph Nodes- bean-shaped sacs that filter lymph
  and holds B T leukocyte.

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Lymphatic System, cont.

• Tonsils- mass of lymph tissue that protects the
  nose, and throat.
• Spleen- organ in upper abdomen
• filters blood
• stores red blood cells
• Balances red blood cell and Plasma levels.
• Thymus- organ that creates T cells in young
  animals.

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Immune System

• Antigen- anything that attacks the body.
• Lymphocyte- cell that works against antigen.
• T Cell- attacks the antigen directly.
• B cell- attacks substances made by antigen.
• Memory cells- Remember the antigen and create
  protection for future use.
• Plasma cell- creates antibodies for specific
  antigens.
• Immunoglobin- antibody made by plasma cell

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Immune System, cont.

• How it works
• Antigen enters body and attacks.
• Body senses the threat.
• White blood cells, T Cells, and B Cells attack
  the antigen.
• Memory Cells create antibodies to fight future
  infections.

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Immune System, cont.

• Immunity Types-
• Naturally Acquired Passive- immunity passed from
  mother to offspring.
• Naturally Acquired Active- immunity created from
  antibodies during infection.
• Artificially Acquired Passive- antibodies
  obtained from antiserum from another host.
• Artificially Acquire Active- immunity from a
  vaccine.

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Oncology

• Neoplasm- uncontrolled cell growth.
• Malignant- cancerous.
• Bening- noncancerous.
• Pedunculated- having a stalk.
• Well Circumscribed- well defined.
• Invasive- not well defined.

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Diagnostics

• Blood Smear- blood specimen smeared on microscope
  slide for examination.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy- sample of bone marrow taken
  via needle for examination.
• Biopsy-collection of cells for study.
• Touch Preps- cells on a glass slide pressed
  against a mass then studied under microscope.

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Conditions

• Anemia- low level of red blood cells.
• Exudate- protein/cell/solid rich material that
  has escaped the blood vessels.
• Hemophilia- genetic condition where blood doesnt
  clot properly. High deadly.
• Leukemia- elevated number of malignant white
  blood cells.

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Conditions, cont.

• Autoimmune Disease- conditions where immune
  system attacks itself.
• Tonsilitis- inflammation of the tonsils.
• Melanoma- tumor of melanin pigmented cells.
• Myxoma- tumor of connective tissue.

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Procedures

• Tonsillectomy- surgical removal of tonsils.
• Splenectomy- Surgical removal of the spleen.
• Chemotherapy- chemical treatment of tumor.
• Radiation Therapy- treatment of tumor via xrays.