Parrots

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Parrots Language
Professor Jane King

• Sophomore C 94121306 ???(Vanessa)
• 94121318 ??? (Eva)
• 94121344 ??? (Synthia)
• 94121348 ??? (Rachel)
• 94121358 ??? (Candy)
• Junior C 93121305 ??? (Howie)

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Outline

• The definition of parrots
• Parrots body language
• Parrots pronunciation and articulators
• Brains of human and birds
• Imitation
• Trainings
• Creativity

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What is PARROT ?

• Psittaciformes(???)
• Birds bright in luster, nearly have 330
  kinds, originate in the warm area. The beak has
  hooks, the nostril is in wax membrane(??)
  Perching in the forest or the open ground, eat
  the fruit and seed mainly, some eat insects,
  fetch the food with the foot , is good at
  imitating the human voice.

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Parrots

• African Grey Parrot
• The Amazons
• Eclectus Parrot
• Quaker (Monk) Parakeet
• The Macaws
• Budgerigars

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Non-Parrots

• Myna
• Indian Grackle
• Skylark

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Body Language
Swing the tail I am very glad to see you./ My tail is messy.
Spread the body See how glad I am to see you.
Rubbing the mouth I will sleep, good night./ Just the same as we have a manicure.
Sleep with a foot Very normal, it is the going to bed.
Flutter its wings up and down It may be that it is angry./ want to sleep / aches / or the feather is messy
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Spread wings of one side I think I am not prepare well.
Pat wings which move both sides I think I can make it.
Pat and move wings continuously Don't act foolishly or you will regret.
Swing the tongue Good taste! I like it.
Step (Can use the mouth sometimes) You go nearing me very much, this is my house.
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Parrots Pronunciation

• Parrots are similar to human beings. They use
  their tongue to pronounce vowels(??). However,
  human beings pronounce not only vowels but also
  consonants(??).

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Parrots Articulators

• Syrinx (??)
• 1. It is a voice box (??)organ nestled between
  the trachea (??)and lungs.
• 2. It operates similarly in all parrots.
• Formants (???)
• 1. They are small ranges of frequencies that
  remain strongly audible as sound travels past the
  throat, tongue, mouth and nasal cavities.
• 2. Human voices also have formants.

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• Tongue
• A change of just a fraction of a millimeter
  in tongue position could significantly affect the
  qualities of the emerging sound. By analogy, it
  is larger than the difference between an A and
  an O in human speech.
• http//newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/1604.html

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Brains of Human and Birds

• Immediate early gene, IEGZENK(?????--ZENK)
• 1.ZENK participates in the cells control of
  growth and differentiation (??). It has a lot to
  do with animals learning and memorizing of the
  brain.
• 2.When the singing birds are stimulated by the
  signals or pronounce the sounds by themselves,
  the IEG can operate immediately.
• http//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/E88491

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• Cortex (??)
• 1.It is the most biggest part in birds brain.
  The cortex and the tissue (??) which is below the
  cortex control the complex behavior. The bigger
  the cortex is, the smarter the animals are.
• 2.In mammals, the more the cerebral cortex
  (????)are, the better the cognition (??) of
  animals are.

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• Gyrus (Gyri)(??)
• 1. There are many sulci (sulcus)(??) on the
  cerebral cortex. The threadlike parts between the
  sulci call Gyri.
• 2. The more the Gyri are, the stronger the
  cognition are.
• http//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/E88491

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Comparison

• Their shapes are similar to each other.
• Humans Gyri are more than birds.
• Their nervous system (????) have great
  differences in the structure. However, their
  functions are similar to each other.
• When parrots are learning new pronunciations, the
  operated tissues are similar to the human beings.

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Imitation

• Birds sounds are not born nature. They imitate
  their parents like the way human do.
• They just imitate what they hear. They do not
  know the meanings.
• Example a contest for parrots
• Parrots are imitative animals which imitate
  unconsciously.

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Environmental Factor

• Continuous pitch
• Example 1. ringing tone
• 2. bee
• 3. knocking door
• Stress
• Example 1. a gray parrot caught into
  
• trap

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Birds Mutual Imitation ?

• Many birds can imitate other birds sounds or
  songs. However, they do not exactly know the
  meanings of those sounds or songs.
• Mockingbird (???)

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Mockingbird (???)
???? http//museum.utep.edu/archive/birds/DDmocki
ngbird.htm
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Birds Mutual Imitation II

• According to a study from Science, some
  scientists find that birds imitate other birds
  helping-signal, and further get those birds
  help.
• Eben Goodale (??.???)
• Great racket-tail drongo (???) in Sri Lanka

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Great racket-tail drongo (???)
???? http//www.naturestops.com
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Parrots classroom
123

• Teach your parrot to do a sum.
• Talented or imitative?
• Can it really do a sum?

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Training 1 Teach your parrot to count
from one to three.

• Step1 Use its favorite food. (For example,
  apples.)
• Step2 When it squawks three times, you have to
  stuff the apple into its mouth.
• Step3 The training of other numbers is the same.

1?2?3
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Training 2 Teach your parrot to do the sum.
123 213

• Step1 Talk to your parrot, One plus two equals
  three. Two plus one equals three.
• Step2 Repeat and repeat until your parrot
  remembers.
• For parrot, 12 ? 21

Why I have to learn math!
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Training 3 Teach your parrot to

recognize and pick up the number tag
with its beak.

• Step1 Put the tag of three in front of it.
• Step2 Ask it, One plus two equals?
• Step3 If it picks up the tag with its mouth, you
  have to give it some rewards.
• Step4 Each question has to be trained
  separately.

2
3
1
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Your talented parrot

• You One plus two equals?
• Parrot (And It would pick up the tag of
  three from other tags.)
• Audience Wow!Genius!How smart it is!

Am I smart? I just imitate your voice. And
Remember the tags look.
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A talking parrot Alex

• Alex is an African grey parrot.
• Alex has a vocabulary of around 1000 words, but
  is exceptional in that he appears to have
  understanding of what he says.
• He could identify 50 different objects and
  distinguish 7 colors and 5 shapes.

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• Color, shape, material
• Same and different
• And
• Verb

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Creativity

• He has even coined a new word. At first, he did
  not associate an apple with the word apple but
  instead with the word bannery, and since the
  other fruit names he knew at the time were
  grape, banana, and cherry, it could be
  considered to be a linguistic elision/portmanteau
  of banana and cherry.

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Reference

• http//newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/1604.html
• http//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/E88491
• ???? http//museum.utep.edu/archive/birds/DDmocki
  ngbird.htm
• ???? http//www.naturestops.com.tw
• Thanks for your attention.