Atmospheric Composition Constellation (ACC) Status Report Agenda Item 10.1

1
Atmospheric Composition Constellation
(ACC)Status ReportAgenda Item 10.1

• Brian Killough, CEOS SEO (presenting)Ernest
  Hilsenrath, NASA, ACC Co-LeadClaus Zehner, ESA,
  ACC Co-Lead
• CEOS Plenary MeetingGeorge, South
  AfricaNovember 11, 2008

2
Category-1 Action Item Status

• ACC-3 Workshop was held at the Goddard Institute
  for Science Studies (GISS) on October 15-17, 2008
  in New York, NY. The meeting minutes,
  presentations, agenda, and attendance list are
  all posted on the new CEOS website under the ACC
  menu link and Meetings.

• An ACC requirements and gap analysis was
  completed by Jolyon Reburn (RAL) with coordinated
  inputs and review from Ernest Hilsenrath (NASA,
  ACC Lead) and Brian Killough (NASA, SEO). The
  report has been posted on the new CEOS website
  under the ACC menu link and Documents. This
  report helped guide the recent ACC-3 Workshop
  (above).

• The ACC team worked with Richard Eckman (CEOS
  Energy SBA Lead) to develop a requirements
  assessment for several topic areas within Energy.
  Many of the measurements were part of the ACC.
  This analysis was the further expanded in two
  papers to be presented at the SPIE Asia-Pacific
  Remote Sensing Conference in New Caledonia on Nov
  17-21, 2008 by Brian Killough (CEOS SEO) and
  Richard Eckman.

3
Progress to Date

• ACC initiated four near term projects to
  demonstrate the Constellation concept. Projects
  involve its international partners using seven
  different instruments. Projects were selected
  for near term results and aligned with the GEO
  SBAs.
• Projects are showing added value using
  constellation data over data used separately. Now
  in their implementation phases
• NO2 Air Quality Forecasting NOAA, Health
• Volcanic Advisories for Aviation ESA, Disasters
• Global Fire and Aerosol Products for Air Quality
  NASA, Disasters and Health
• A Requirements and Gap Analysis was completed by
  RAL in October 2008 Cross-cutting
• JAXA has proposed an International Group on GHG
  lead by JAXA, NASA, ESA, and NOAA for closer OCO
  and GoSAT collaboration and longer term planning
  using ACC as a platform. A workshop on
  algorithms and cal/val was completed in May,
  2008. JAXA and NASA are planning a meeting at
  the 2008 AGU conference (San Francisco, CA) for
  the GHG effort.

4
ACC-3 Workshop Objectives

• Identify data gaps based on the RAL analysis and
  agree on their reality
• Constituent, time, overlap, spatial coverage
• Review status of on-going and planned research to
  develop AC Climate Data Records/Essential Climate
  Variables
• Are the right data sets being compiled?
• Value of redundancy?
• Better coordination among data producers?
• Review atmospheric chemistry and climate model
  requirements for observations for validation and
  improved predictions
• Employ results from ACC, CCMVal, and AeroCom
• Identify potential impact on climate models
• Spatial and time coverage
• Data gaps
• Data drift and biases
• Recommend further studies and establish priorities

5
Requirements and Gap Analysis

• Objective
• Survey the requirements for AC measurements over
  the next two decades
• Summarize capabilities of existing and planned
  missions
• Identify mission gaps
• Requirements Sources
• US NRC Decadal Survey 2007
• ESA GMES and CAPACITY Reports
• EUMETSAT MTG and Post-EPS (Sentinels)
• GCOS ECVs
• IGACO Theme Report
• Report
• Mission summaries and AC instrument capabilities
• Gap assessment in capabilities and time domain

Final report can be found on the new CEOS website
under the ACC Documents link.
6
ACC Ozone Chemistry Mission Summary
Gap Summary Few gaps in ozone column
measurements due to a large number of operational
missions (NOAA, China, EUMETSAT). Consistency
among data sets is still a challenge.
Columns
Gap Summary Large potential gap for high
vertical resolution ozone measurements. ALTIUS
is a proposed concept. PREMIER is in competition
with 5 other missions. Sentinel-5 limb profiling
is still under consideration.
Profiles
7
ACC Chemistry (excluding ozone) and GEO Mission
Summary
Gap Summary Few missions planned for trace gas
profiling (via limb or occultation). Limited
redundancy exists due to instrument differences
and measured constituents limits the ability to
understand stratospheric ozone recovery and
address the Montreal Protocal requirement.
LEO Missions
Gap Summary No planned GEO missions for
chemistry or air quality until 2012. Integration
of GEO and LEO measurements is needed to improve
science.
GEO Missions
Note GEO missions are for both chemistry science
and air quality forecasting.
8
ACC-3 Workshop Outcomes

• "What are the impacts of data gaps on climate
  modeling"?
• Stratospheric Ozone Chemistry a continuous
  balance of nadir measurements (broad coverage and
  concentrations), limb profile measurements
  (separation of stratosphere and troposphere
  composition and dynamics), and occultation (high
  resolution trace species) is required to improve
  climate models and measure ozone recovery
  (Montreal Protocol). A primary focus is to
  understand the attribution of ozone change to
  climate change vs. chlorine change. Gaps in
  future limb profiling and occultation
  measurements will limit these advancements.
• Carbon Sources and Sinks Climate models depend
  on the knowledge of sources and sinks of CO2,
  CH4, and CO. Near-term missions plan to address
  the column measurement needs (OCO and GoSat).
  Additional profile measurements are needed by
  future missions to understand transport and
  vertical variations within columns.

9
Post-Workshop Plans

• Updated Analyses
• RAL and SEO will update the gap analyses and
  mission timelines
• A detailed aerosol analysis will be completed.
• Gap analysis data will be split into profiles and
  columns of constituents.
• Summarize the vertical, horizontal, and gas
  sampling capabilities of each ACC instrument to
  compare to the requirements.
• Review the requirements for Climate and Air
  Quality revisit times to understand their
  justification. Discuss with GCOS and GMES.
• Recommendations to CEOS
• Complete a set of consensus recommendations by
  January 31 in preparation for the GCOS meeting in
  February and the CEOS SIT-23 meeting in March
  2009.
• Identify urgent gaps that need immediate action.
• Recommend longer term data and modeling studies
  that consider gaps or other data deficiencies
• Potential topics for NOAA and ESA AOs and NASA
  AC ROSES
• Continue discussion with WGISS about an AC data
  portal
• Next ACC-4 Workshop June 2009 in Frascati
  (hosted by ESA). Focused on air quality.

10
Future Opportunities

• The US and Europe have major Earth Science
  mission plans that include AC opportunities.
• US Decadal Survey (GEO-CAPE, ACE, GACM)
• ESA Earth Explorers
• GMES (Kopernikus/Sentinels)
• NOAA (NPOESS)
• EUMETSAT (Metop, Post EPS)
• JAXA, NASA, ESA NOAA for GHG collaboration
• Areas of Possible Collaboration
• Algorithms, Cal/Val
• Technology development
• Mission coordination
• Data distribution
• Planning for advanced missions and new application

LEO and GEO missions will provide highly
complementary ACC data
11
Backup Charts
12
Constellation Objectives

• Establish a framework for long term coordination
  among the CEOS agencies where the Constellation
  will identify specific opportunities for meeting
  science and application requirements.
• Collect and deliver data to improve predictive
  capabilities for coupled changes in the Ozone
  Layer, Air Quality, and Climate Forcing
  associated with changes in the environment.
• Objectives meet participating Agency priorities
  and are aligned to the GEO SBAs
• Objectives will be achieved through the following
  steps
• Requirements and Gap Analyses based on current
  and future missions collecting AC data
• Projects to demonstrate added value of the
  constellation through data products serving the
  GEO SBAs
• Collaborate on future missions. Develop
  rationale, strategy, and standards for
  collaboration to meet requirements not being met
  and remain open for possible new requirements.

13
Project Status

• NO2 Air Quality Forecasting
• NOAA Lead, addresses Health (Air Quality)
• NOAA provides AQ forecast in collaboration with
  EPA. Improve emissions inventories, characterize
  long range transport, codel and forecast
  improvements, compliance and clean air rules.
• Improvement using combined Metop(GOME-2) and
  Aura(OMI) NO2 data sets. Common algorithm now
  running on both data sets. 6-month data set will
  be compared with models. Improve diurnal and
  weekly emission cycle products. Plans to make it
  operational in 2009.
• Volcanic Advisories for Aviation
• ESA Lead, addresses Disasters (pollution,
  aviation safety)
• Volcanic eruptions impact aviation safety
  engine, window and skin damage
• Collaboration among VAACs continues with enhanced
  use of satellite data. NOAA is using OMI and
  GOME-2 operationally. The US (NASA, USGS, and
  NOAA) and ESA (PROMOTE) support national VAACs by
  providing alerts based on satellite data.
• National services coordinated and extended to
  provide global service using enhanced
  capabilities through US and ESA combined efforts.
  Includes missions (Aura, Envisat, and MSG),
  improved latency and accuracy of SO2 and ash
  detection, global alerts
• ESA sponsoring a workshop Nov 26-27 in Toulouse
  (VAAC). A user workshop is planned for March
  2009. Consider uniform data delivery system and
  standardized products.
• Global Fire and Aerosol Products for Air Quality
• NASA Lead, addresses Disasters (pollution) and
  Health (Air Quality)
• Develop global warnings on instances of potential
  degradation of air quality due to long-range
  transport of aerosols from widespread burning as
  well as from naturally occurring dust storms.
• Initial satellite products include aerosol
  optical depth and active fire detections from
  MODIS and GOES, and aerosol height from Calipso.
  
• Explore international extensions by seeking
  distribution through existing delivery systems
  (IMAPP, SERVIR) and by working with international
  partners to create regional implementations using
  data from other geostationary satellites (e.g.
  MSG/SEVIRI, INSAT-3D, etc.).
• Initial forecasting demonstration in conjunction
  with joint NASA (ARCTAS) and NOAA (ARCPAC) field
  missions during 2008 International Polar Year is
  completed.
• Need to verify operational products. Pending NASA
  proposals would support additional development.
  Identify appropriate international
  delivery/distribution mechanism(s).

14
Climate Forcings 1750 to 2000
Large Carbon Impact (positive)
Chart taken from2007 IPCC ReportWG1-AR4

• Total Net 1.6 W/m2

Large Aerosol Uncertainty (negative)
15
Aerosol Mission Summary (1 of 2)
Nadir Imagers
Gap Summary Few gaps in nadir measurements of
aerosols. Adequate mix of imagers and
spectrometers.
Nadir Spectrometers
16
Aerosol Mission Summary (2 of 2)
Gap Summary No limb spectrometers planned gt2015
for aerosols. Limits information on vertical
extent and transport.
Limb Spectrometers
Gap Summary Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) gap
before ACE likely. Fewer polarimeters will limit
information on microphysics and optical
properties.
Polarimeters
Gap Summary Very few lidars planned for aerosol
science. Limits information on vertical extent
and transport.
Lidars
17
Collaboration with other CEOS groups

• WGCV Close collaboration continues with several
  projects under way
• NO2 ground intercomparison response to NASA AO
• OCO/GOSAT calibration intercomparison
  (EC-06-01_3)
• OCO/GOSAT Algorithm and Cal/Val workshop
  completed in May
• WGISS Formulating two projects
• Sensor Web to add value to Smoke/Dust Forecast
  project
• ACC data portal is under consideration
• WGEdu
• Collaboration opportunities by exploiting ACC
  Projects as they become operational and
  conducting user workshops with educational focus.