Testing CPT with CMB

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Testing CPT with CMB

• ???
• University of Bielefeld
• 2008?4?28?

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John C. Mather George F. Smoot
"for their discovery of the blackbody form and
anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background
radiation".
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Precision Cosmology

CMB (Maxima, Boomerang, WMAP) SN Ia (SCP,
HZT,SNLS,ESSENCE) LSS (2dfGRS, SDSS)
Concordance Model Inflation Dark Matter Dark
Energy Problems 1, What is inflaton? What
happened in detail during inflation? 2, What is
dark matter particle? 3, What is dark energy? 4,
Why no anti-matter?
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Outline

• Brief review on dark energy models
• Interacting dark energy, cosmological CPT
  violation and baryogenesis
• Testing CPT with CMB
• Summary

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Brief review on dark energy models
Einstein equation
Negative pressure and almost not cluster
Candidates 1, Cosmological constant (or vacuum
energy)
Cosmological constant problem! S. Weinberg,
RMP(1989)
2, Dynamical fields Quintessence
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Phantom
Quintom
crosses -1
Feng, Wang Zhang, PLB(2005)
Li, Feng Zhang, JCAP(2005)
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Current constraints on dark energy models
Quintom A
Quintessence
Phantom
Quintom B
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A challenge to dark energy theories
No-Go Theorem For theory of dark energy (DE) in
the 4D Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe
described by a single perfect fluid or a single
scalar field with a largangian of
, which minimally couples to
Einstein Gravity, its equation of state w cannot
cross over the cosmological constant boundary.
Quintom models with double fields or higher
derivatives can avoid this problem Zhao, Xiao,
Li, Feng Zhang, PRD(2005).
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Interacting dark energy, cosmological CPT
violation and baryogenesis
Matter-antimatter asymmetry (Baryon number
asymmetry) BBN, CMB,
Since Dirac, fundamental theories are not biased
between matter and antimatter We need
baryogenesis the process to produce baryon
number asymmetry
Sakharov conditions for baryogenesis

• Baryon number non-conserving interaction
• C and CP violations
• Departure from thermal equilibrium

Precondition CPT is conserved!
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CPT Theorem If a field theory 1) is local
2) is Hermitian 3) is Lorentz covariant
4) satisfies spin-statistic relations CPT is
conserved
The rolling of dark energy scalar field breaks
Lorentz covariance
It provides a source to violate CPT, e.g.,
Cosmological CPT violation
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Generalization
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CPT violation in photon sector P and CP are also
violated
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Testing CPT with CMB
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The CPT violating term is potentially observable
with photons polarization
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Polarization and Stokes parameters
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General definition of Stokes parameters
M.Li et al, work in progress
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CMB polarization
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1)
Bo Feng et al., PRL 96, 221302 (2006)
WMAP3 only
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P.Cabella, Natoli Silk, PRD76, 123014 (2007)
J.Q.Xia et al., arXiv0710.3325
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(WMAP Group) Komatsu et al., arXiv0803.0547
WMAP5 only
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J.Q.Xia et al., arXiv0803.2350
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J.Q.Xia et al., arXiv0710.3325
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Summary

• Precision cosmology supports the model of the
  universe with dark energy and current data favors
  slightly quintom dynamical dark energy.
• Interacting dark energy induces cosmological CPT
  violation, can be tested by CMB and current data
  provides a weak evidence for such a CPT
  violation.