Organ%20Transplantation

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Organ Transplantation
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Think of a couple reasons why you might need an
organ or tissue transplant?The click to compare
your reasons

• You may need an organ transplant if one of your
  own organs has failed. This can happen because of
  illness or injury.

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Definition

• When you have an organ transplant, doctors remove
  an organ from another person and place it in your
  body for the purpose of replacing a damaged or
  absent organ.
• For example, doctors may perform an operation
  that places a healthy kidney in your body. The
  transplanted kidney takes over the work of the
  kidney that stopped working.

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Before you click, make a list of some common
organs that are transplanted. Then click to
compare your answer.

• Most commonly transplanted organs and tissues
  are
• heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas,
  intestine, and skin
• bones, tendons, cornea, heart valves, veins

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Worldwide, which organ do you think is most
commonly transplanted?
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Types of Transplants

• Autograft
• A transplant of tissue to the same person
• For example
• - skin grafts
• - treatment of tissue before returning it
• - stored tissue (e.g. blood, stem cells)

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Types of Transplants

• Allograft
• A transplant between two genetically
  non-identical members of the same species
• - most transplants are allografts
• Complications requires immunosuppressants to
  prevent an immune response but these drugs
  makes the body vulnerable to pathogens

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Types of Transplants

• Isograft
• A sub-category of allografts involves a
  transplant from a donor to a genetically
  identical recipient (such as an identical twin)
• - does not trigger an immune response

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Types of Transplants

• Xenograft Xenotransplantation
• A transplant from one species to another
• For example
• Porcine (pig) heart valve transplants (common and
  successful)
• Complications often dangerous because of the
  increased risk of non-compatibility, rejection,
  and disease carried in the tissue

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What do you think is a major challenge for a
successful transplant?Click to compare your
answer.

• Transplant Rejection
• This is when the recipient's body turns against
  the new organ, causing it to fail. People who
  have transplants must take drugs to suppress the
  immune system for the rest of their lives to help
  keep their bodies from rejecting the new organ.
• Solution
• Serotyping to determine the best donor-recipient
  match and the use of immunosuppressant drugs (but
  remember that they compromise the entire immune
  system)

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Types of Donors

• 1. Deceased
• These are donors who have been declared
  brain-dead and have indicated that they wish to
  donate their organs
• organs are kept viable (alive) by ventilators or
  other mechanical mechanisms

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Types of Donors

• 2. Living Donors
• A living donor donates a renewable tissue, cell,
  or fluid
• e.g. blood, skin
• - donates an organ or part of an organ in which
  the remaining organ can regenerate or take on the
  workload of the rest of the organ
• e.g. primarily single kidney donation, partial
  donation of liver

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Bioethical Issues

• Transplant Tourism
• Wealthy individuals go to poorer nations and buy
  organs for transplantation
• Organ Harvesting
• Organs are taken from living or deceased
  individuals without their consent and sold for
  transplantation

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked
the Philippines as one of the top five countries
in the world for human organ trafficking
Baseco, Philippines One Kidney Island
Line of despair Donors from the slums of Baseco
with scars from
their operations
Organ donors, recruited from poor Filipino
communities, neighboring provinces, and central
Philippines are paid from 2,000 to 3,000 per
kidney, but underground syndicates and illicit
transplant surgeons make a killing on foreign
patients who spend anywhere between 70,000 to
115,000 for a kidney transplant. Liver
transplants go as high as 130,000!!!
http//www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-499486/Ins
ide-transplant-tourist-trade-The-
desperate-men-One-Kidney-Island.html