Aerospace Engineers

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Careers Associated with Environmental Science
Aerospace Engineers Agricultural and Food
Scientists Agricultural Engineers Air Traffic
Controllers Aircraft and Avionics Technicians
Aircraft Pilots Animal Caretakers
Anthropologists and Archaeologists
Aquaculturists Architects Archivists
Biological Scientists Biomedical Engineers
Chemical Engineers Chemists and Materials
Scientists Child, Family, and School Social
Workers Civil Engineers Community Organizers
and Activists Computer Hardware Engineers
Computer Scientists Conservation Scientists
Conservators Construction and Building
Inspectors Construction Managers Crop Farmers
Curators Dairy Farmers Dentists Drafters
Economists Electrical Engineers Electronics
Technicians Elementary, Middle, and High School
Teachers Emergency Medical Technicians and
Paramedics Engineering and Science Managers
Engineering Technicians Environmental Educators
Environmental Engineers Environmental
Scientists Exhibit Designers and Museum
Technicians Federal Agents Foreign Service
Officers Forensic Scientists Foresters and
Forestry Technicians Geographers Geographic
Specialists Geoscientists Government Executives
and Legislators Government Lawyers Historians
Industrial Designers Industrial Engineers
Industrial Production Managers Interior
Designers Interpreters Landscape Architects
Lodging Managers Materials Engineers
Mechanical Engineers Medical and Public Health
Social Workers Meteorologists Mining and
Geological Engineers News Analysts, Reporters,
and Correspondents Nuclear Engineers Nuclear
Medicine Technologists Occupational Health and
Safety Specialists Park Rangers Petroleum
Engineers Pharmacists Physicists and
Astronomers Pig and Poultry Farmers
Postsecondary Teachers Preserve Managers
Private-Practice Lawyers Public Interest
Advocates Public Interest Lawyers Ranchers
Sales Engineers Science Technicians
Sociologists Translators Urban and Regional
Planners Veterinarians Veterinary Technologists
and Technicians Wildlife Technicians
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Ecology The study of the interactions between
organisms and their environment
Biosphere The place on Earth where life
exists. 1mi. ? to 1mi. ?
2 major factors in an environment Biotic Factors
(living) Abiotic Factors (nonliving)
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
The biosphere is broken down into smaller
categories in order to be studied more effectively
Organism ? Populations ? (Biological)
Communities ? Ecosystems ? Biomes ? Biosphere
One individual living thing
A group of the same species living in the same
area
All of the biotic factors (populations) living in
an area
All of the biotic and abiotic factors living in
an area
All of the ecosystems that have similar climate
communities
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
The biosphere is broken down into smaller
categories in order to be studied more effectively
Organism ? Populations ? (Biological)
Communities ? Ecosystems ? Biomes ? Biosphere
One individual living thing
A group of the same species living in the same
area
All of the biotic factors (populations) living in
an area
All of the biotic and abiotic factors living in
an area
All of the ecosystems that have similar climate
communities
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Ecosystem Interactions
Every organism in an ecosystem has a Habitat and
a Niche
Where an organism lives
Its role in the biological community

• Habitats can be further divided into
  microhabitats
• Examples
• Forest canopy
• leaves, branches
• Shrub layer
• leaves, branches, trunks
• Herb layer
• leaves, stems, mosses, ferns
• Litter dead fallen leaves, logs

• Characteristics
• Habitat
• Food sources
• Reproductive requirements
• Nutrition, nest/den sites
• Seasonality When are resources required, used.
• Climate requirements Humidity, rainfall,
  sunlight

Competition for resources occurs when niches
overlap
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Energy flows through an ecosystem from Sun ?
Producer ? Consumer and are represented in food
chains and food webs
Less Energy, Biomass Numbers of Organisms As
you go up the trophic levels
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem

• 1. Which layer is defined by the upper and lower
  limits where life is possible?
• atmosphere
• biosphere
• lithosphere
• hydrosphere
• the earth's core
• 2. An ecosystem is made up of
• 3. Approximately what percentage of the energy in
  one trophic level becomes incorporated into the
  next level as secondary productivity?

• 4. Energy flow in an ecosystem is not cyclic
  because energy is
• destroyed as it is used.
• evenly spread out over many organisms.
• converted to many kinds of useful energy.
• increased as you go up the energy pyramid.
• converted to useless heat.

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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
6. If we weighed all of the organisms at each
level of this food web, which would be the
heaviest? 7. Compared with the numbers of
grasshoppers or deer, there are not a lot of
mountain lions. The reason that large and fierce
animals are rare in an ecosystem is that

• 7. Which may be a secondary or tertiary consumer?
  
• phototroph
• herbivore
• detritivore
• autotroph
• carnivore

HAWK   FOX

GRASSHOPPER   SQUIRREL
 
GRASS   HICKORY TREES
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Nutrients cycle through an ecosystem
Carbon Cycle
CO2
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Producers
Consumers
Combustion
Fossil Fuels
O2
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Water Cycle
H2O Condenses in atmosphere
Precipitation
Transpiration
Evaporation
Collects on Land Oceans
Used by biota
Where is all the water on Earth located?
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Nitrogen Cycle
N2 in atmosphere
Denitrifying bacteria
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Consumers
Producers
Nitrogen fixed from lightning
Nitrogen from fertilizers
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Phosphorus Cycle
PO4 in soil
PO4 in solution
Erosion/Runoff
Producers
Sedimentation
Decomposers
Consumers
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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem

• 1. Which of the following is required in chemical
  cycling of inorganic nutrients in a natural
  ecosystem?
• a reservoir for the element in the earth
• the biotic community and its food chains
• an exchange pool from which producers draw
  nutrients
• an organism that transfers the nutrient from an
  abiotic source into a biotic form
• all of these

How do the following nutrients return to the
atmosphere? Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus
- Transpiration Evaporation
- Combustion Respiration
- Denitrification
- NEVER ENTERS THE ATMOSPHERE!!
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Ch.3 Communities, Biomes Ecosystems
3.1 Community Ecology
Ecosystems change in predictable patterns
Ecological Succession
First Inhabitants
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Primary Succession
Pioneering Species
Ecosystem arising from an area of exposed rock
that does not have any topsoil.
300 to 500 yrs
Large, shade tolerant trees
Climax Community
Shrubs small trees
Perennial herbs grasses
Small annual plants
Lichens Mosses
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Ch.3 Communities, Biomes Ecosystems
3.1 Community Ecology
Occurs when an ecosystem is destroyed, however
topsoil remains
Secondary Succession
Fire, flood, human activities, etc.
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Ch.3 Communities, Biomes Ecosystems
3.1 Community Ecology
Terrestrial Biomes
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Ch.3 Communities, Biomes Ecosystems
3.1 Community Ecology
Aquatic Ecosystems
Freshwater
Transitional
Marine
Rivers Streams
Wetlands Bogs
Intertidal
Coastal ocean Coral reefs
Lakes Ponds
Estuaries
Open Ocean
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Ch.4 Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population Growth
Exponential Growth
All populations will grow exponentially until a
limiting factor is reached
Logistic Growth
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Ch.4 Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Limiting Factors
Density Dependent
Density Independent

• Usually biotic factors
• Disease
• Competition
• Predation
• Parasitism

• Usually abiotic factors
• Drought
• Flooding
• Extreme heat or cold
• Tornados
• Hurricane
• Fire

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Ch.2 Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
One organism benefits at the expense of another
One organism benefits and the other is neither
helped nor hurt
Both organisms benefit
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Ch.4 Population Ecology
4.2 Human Population
Human Population
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Ch.5 Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
Increases the stability of an ecosystem and
contributes to the health of the biosphere
Biodiversity
3 types
Genetic Diversity
Variety of genes in a population
Species Diversity
Variety of species in a community
Variety of ecosystems in the biosphere
Ecosystem Diversity
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Ch.5 Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
The Value of Biodiversity
Direct Value
Most medications are derived from living organisms
Medicinal Value
All domesticated food sources are derived from
wild strains Genetic engineering!!
Agricultural Value
Economic benefit from the harvesting and selling
of natural products
Consumptive Use Value
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Ch.5 Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
The Value of Biodiversity
Indirect Value/Ecosystem services
Nutrients can only be cycled through the
environment efficiently with a diverse biota
Biogeochemical cycles
Decomposers!!
Waste Disposal
Water is stored and cleaned when used producers
Water Purification
Plant roots hold top soil in place
Conserves Soil
Trees create microclimates and store CO2
Regulates Climate
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Ch.5 Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
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Ch.5 Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Overexploitation
Habitat Loss
Habitat Fragmentation
Introduced Species
Pollution
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Ch.5 Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Overexploitation
Habitat Loss
Habitat Fragmentation
Introduced Species
Pollution
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Ch.5 Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Pollution
Biomagnification
Acid Precipitation
Eutrophication