Coloring the Periodic Table Families

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Coloring the Periodic Table Families

• 8th Grade Science
• Mrs. Kielbasa
• Some images are from www.chem4kids.com
• www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

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Why is the Periodic Table important to me?

• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a
  chemist.
• You get to use it on every test.
• It organizes lots of information about all the
  known elements.

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Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry

• was a mess!!!
• No organization of elements.
• Imagine going to a grocery store with no
  organization!!
• Difficult to find information.
• Chemistry didnt make sense.

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Dmitri Mendeleev Father of the Table

• HOW HIS WORKED
• Put elements in rows by increasing atomic weight.
• Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.

• SOME PROBLEMS
• He left blank spaces for what he said were
  undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was
  right!)
• He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight
  to keep similar reacting elements together.

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The Current Periodic Table

• Mendeleev wasnt too far off.
• Now the elements are put in rows by increasing
  ATOMIC NUMBER!!
• The horizontal rows are called periods and are
  labeled from 1 to 7.
• The vertical columns are called groups are
  labeled from 1 to 18.

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GroupsHeres Where the Periodic Table Gets
Useful!!

• Elements in the same group have similar chemical
  and physical properties!!
• (Mendeleev did that on purpose.)

• Why??
• They have the same number of valence electrons.
• They will form the same kinds of ions.

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Families on the Periodic Table

• Elements on the periodic table can be grouped
  into families bases on their chemical properties.
• Each family has a specific name to differentiate
  it from the other families in the periodic table.
• Elements in each family react
• differently with other elements.
• Families may be one column,
• or several put together.
• Families have names rather
• than numbers. (Just like your
• family has a common last name.)

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Hydrogen

• Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.
• Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas.
• Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the
  Hindenberg.
• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel
  source for automobiles

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Hydrogen is a non-metal
1 Electron
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Alkali Metals

• 1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not
  including hydrogen.
• Very reactive metals, always combined with
  something else in nature (like in salt).
• Soft enough to cut with a butter knife

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ALKALI METALS

• Group 1
• Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal
• 1 electron in the outer shell
• Soft and silvery metals
• Very reactive, esp. with water
• Conduct electricity

Image http//www.learner.org/interactives/periodi
c/groups2.html
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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)
• Reactive metals that are always combined with
  nonmetals in nature.
• Several of these elements are important mineral
  nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)

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ALKALINE EARTH METALS

• Group 2
• 2 electrons in the outer shell
• White and malleable
• Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
• Conduct electricity

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Transition Metals

• Elements in groups 3-12
• Less reactive harder metals
• Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.
• Metals used as metal.

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TRANSITION METALS

• Groups in the middle (3-12)
• Good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Some are used for jewelry.
• The transition metals are able to put up to 32
  electrons in their second to last shell.
• Can bond with many elements in a variety of
  shapes.

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Boron Family

• Elements in group 13
• Aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, not a
  disposable metal.

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BORON FAMILY

• Group 13
• 3 electrons in the outer shell
• Most are metals
• Boron is a metalloid

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Carbon Family

• Elements in group 14
• Contains elements important to life and
  computers.
• Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of
  chemistry.
• Silicon and Germanium are important
  semiconductors.

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CARBON FAMILY

• Group 14
• 4 electrons in the outer shell
• Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal
  Carbon (C)

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Nitrogen Family

• Elements in group 15
• Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.
• Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in
  living things.
• Most of the worlds nitrogen is not available to
  living things.
• The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

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NITROGEN FAMILY

• Group 15
• 5 electrons in the outer shell
• Can share electrons to form compounds
• Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

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Oxygen Family or Chalcogens

• Elements in group 16
• Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
• Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten
  eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

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OXYGEN FAMILY

• Group 16
• 6 electrons in the outer shell
• Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
• Reactive

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Halogens

• Elements in group 17
• Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals
• Always found combined with other element in
  nature .
• Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

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Halogens

• Group 17
• 7 electrons in the outer shell
• All are non-metals
• Very reactive are often bonded with elements from
  Group 1

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The Noble Gases
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The Noble Gases

• Elements in group 18
• VERY unreactive, monatomic gases
• Used in lighted neon signs
• Used in blimps to fix the Hindenberg problem.
• Have a full valence shell.

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Noble Gases

• Group 18
• Exist as gases
• Non-metals
• 8 electrons in the outer shell Full
• Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer
  shell Full
• Not reactive with other elements

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Lanthanide - Rare Earth Metals

• Some are radioactive
• silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
• Conduct electricity
• Burn easily in air
• High melting points and boiling points.

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Actinides -

• All are radioactive.
• highly electropositive.
• metals tarnish readily in air.
• very dense metals with distinctive structures.
• react with boiling water or dilute acid to
  release hydrogen gas.
• combine directly with most nonmetals.

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Periodic Table Song

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v-I7l8TgtuLQ
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vDYW50F42ss8

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