THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

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THE SOCIOLOGICALPERSPECTIVE
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MARX
NIETZSCHE
DARWIN
SPENCER
DURKHEIM
WEBER
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THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
1. DEFINITION OF SOCIOLOGY THE SYSTEMATIC
STUDY OF HUMAN SOCIETY AND SOCIAL INTERACTION

• WE LIVE IN GROUPS AND GROUPS
• AFFECT OUR LIVES

• THE FOCUS OF STUDY IS ON GROUPS
• RATHER THAN THE INDIVIDUAL

• USE SCIENTIFIC METHOD- BEYOND
• COMMONSENSE

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2. SOCIOLOGY AS DEBUNKING

• LOOK BEHIND THE APPARENT -
• UNMASKING REALITY

• LOOKING FOR NEW INTERPRETATIONS
• OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

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3.STUDY OF PATTERNED BEHAVIORS THAT MEET OUR
SOCIAL NEEDS

• PROVIDE GOODS AND SERVICES-
• ECONOMIC SYSTEM

• REGULATE SEX - THE FAMILY

• PASS ON OUR WAY OF LIFE-EDUCATION

• MAINTAIN ORDER- GOVERNMENT/LAW

• GIVE MEANING TO LIVE - RELIGION

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4. THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION

• PERSONAL ISSUES SEEN IN SOCIAL
• CONTEXT

• SEE HOW SOCIAL STRUCTURES AFFECT
• OUR INDIVIDUAL LIVES

5. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY

• WE DEFINE WHAT IS REAL

• WHO HAS THE POWER TO DEFINE
• REALITY

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SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
EMILE DURKHEIM
MAX WEBER
KARL MARX
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STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL THEORY
1. EXAMINES HOW SOCIAL STRUCTURES FUNCTION TO
MEET SOCIAL NEEDS
2. ASKS THE QUESTION WHAT STRUCTURES
EXIST, AND ARE THEY FUNCTIONING PROPERLY?
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ASSUMPTIONS
1. SOCIAL STRUCTURES COME BY CONSENSUS
2 SOCIETY LIKE ORGANISM WITH INTERACTING PARTS
3. STABILITY IS THE MAIN CRITERION
4. LATENT AND MANIFEST CONSEQUENCES
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• SOCIAL STRUCTURES MAY BE
• DYSFUNCTIONAL

• SOCIAL STRUCTURES ADAPT TO
• CHANGING SOCIAL NEEDS

EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONALIST VIEW

• A STATIC AND CONSERVATIVE VIEW OF
• SOCIAL SYSTEMS

• TENDS TO SUPPORT THE STATUS QUO

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CONFLICT THEORY
1. GROUPS IN SOCIETY ARE IN CONSTANT STRUGGLE
FOR CONTROL OF SCARCE RESOURCES
2. ASK THE QUESTION WHO BENEFITS?
3. BASED ON MARXS CLASS CONFLICT
4. INEQUALITIES ESTABLISHED BY THE DOMINATE
CLASS
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KARL MARX
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5. SOCIAL CHANGE COMES THROUGH CONFLICT AND
REVOLUTION
6. EVALUATION TOO CRITICAL OF EXISTING
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
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MARX
NIETZSCHE
DARWIN
SPENCER
DURKHEIM
WEBER
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SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
1. INTEREST IN THE SYMBOLIC MEANING PEOPLE
GIVE TO INTERACTIONS
2. LOOK FOR THE SUBJECTIVE MEANING PEOPLE
GIVE TO EVENTS
3. ASK THE QUESTION WHO IS DEFINING THE
SITUATION?
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HERBERT BLUMER
GEORGE H. MEAD
CHARLES H.COOLEY
ERVING GOFFMAN
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4. ASSUMPTIONS

• BEHAVIOR, GESTURE AND WORDS
• CAN HAVE MULTIPLE INTERPRETATIONS

• MEANING IS CREATED THROUGH
• INTERACTION, DOES NOT EXIST IN
• THE ACT ITSELF

• MEANING RESULTS FROM THE
• DEFINITION OF THE SITUATION

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THE END