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Feudalism

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Title: Feudalism


1
Feudalism
  • Japan Europe Comparison

2
Heian Japan
  • The Emperor became a symbolic ruler
  • Heian aristocrats ruled through political stealth
    artistic style
  • Japan became a hotpot of double-dealing and
    intrigue

3
Heian Period Cultural Borrowing and
Flowering (pre feudalism)
  • Chinese religion, philosophy and language greatly
    impacted early Japanese society. The lower
    classes were more in favor of borrowing from the
    Chinese than were the upper classes.
  1. Chinese writing.
  2. Chinese artistic styles.
  3. Buddhism in the form of ZEN.
  4. BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! ?

4
Tea ceremonies flowers!
  • Tea Ceremony was part of Wabi, meaning quiet or
    sober refinement, or subdued taste
  • Began with Zen Buddhists

5
Lady Murasaki Shikibu
The Tale of Genji perhaps the worlds first novel
She contributed much to the Japanese script known
as katakana, while men wrote with Chinese
characters, kanji.
6
Noh plays
  • Noh plays were religious, historical and
    romantic.
  • They had male actors and a chorus.

7
Zen Buddhism
  • A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of
    Buddhism, which came from India through China.
  • It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and
    self-discipline.
  • Inspired art drama

8
Development of feudalism (Europe and Japan)
  • What is Feudalism?
  • A decentralized social and political order
    formed for reasons of protection.
  • Feudalism is defined by land ownership

Serfs in Europe paying their lord.
9
Origins of European Feudalism
  • After fall of Roman Empire no unifying force
  • Kings are unable to defend their lands, lands of
    their nobles
  • Nobles had to find way to defend own lands

10
Origins of European Feudalism Charles
Martel(Charles the Hammer)
  • French King - won the Battle of Tours in 732,
    -saved Europe from the Islamic expansionism that
    had conquered Iberia.
  • Brilliant general, -forefather of western heavy
    cavalry, chivalry, founder of the Carolingian
    Empire (named after him), catalyst for the feudal
    system

11
Charles Martel and the Franks defeat the Arab
Invaders at Poitiers
12
Origins of European Feudalism Charlemagne
(742-814) (Charles the Great)
  • Attempts to rebuild Roman Empire
  • Revives art and culture
  • Saves the Pope (Leo III) -rewarded with the title
    Holy Roman Emperor (Power shift from
    Constantinople to Northern Europe)
  • Reforms monetary, governmental, military,
    cultural, educational and ecclesiastical (outlaws
    whoring, drunkenness, and covetousness among
    the nuns and converted the Saxons.)
  • After his death roads degrade and villas turn to
    castles.

13
Charlemagne
Note the symbolism in this painting
14
Origins of Japanese Feudalism
  • After the end of the Heian period the power of
    the emperor declined
  • Rugged terrain made central control difficult
  • Japan saw the rise of various military clans.
  • Conflicts between these clans turned into civil
    war
  • A society led by samurai clans under the
    political rule of the shogun emerged

15
Structure of European Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based
on loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Europe
King
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Lord
Lord
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Knight
Knight
Knight
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
16
hate
I have fiefs
I have manors
you
I have debt
I have Disease
17
Structure of Japanese Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Japan
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Daimyo
Daimyo
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
18
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society
19
Who is really in control?
  • Europe
  • Pope (Catholic Church!!!) is head of Roman
    Catholic Church
  • Early popes seen as spiritual leaders
  • During Middle Ages, they became powerful
    political figures
  • Japan
  • Emperor holds the highest rank, but no real
    power.
  • -Head of Shinto religion and revered.
  • Shogun REALLY in charge

20
Lords in Europe
  • The king would give out grants of land to his
    most important noblemen (barons and bishops),
  • A lord granted land (a fief) to his vassals.
  • Vassal would provide military service to the
    lord. Land for loyalty is the basis of feudalism.
  • The vassal pays homage and swears fealty
  • Roland swears fealty to Charlemagne

21
Daimyo in Japan
  • Shoguns appoint loyal Daimyo to be local
    administrators
  • Daimyo are wealthy landlords who are Judges,
    tax collectors, military leaders and are in
    charge of road construction and maintenance.

22
Daimyo
  • Samurai

23
Knights in Europe
  • Had a duty to learn how to fight and so serve
    their liege Lord according to the Code of
    Chivalry
  • Weapon practice included two-handed sword,
    battle axe, mace, dagger and lance.
  • Expected to guard a castle and support his liege
    lord in Medieval warfare
  • Granted land with serfs to tend it
  • To become a knight took years of training
  • Page? esquire ? knight

24
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25
Samurai in Japan
  • Samurai were warriors - granted position and
    land in exchange for military service.(also rice)
  • Duty to maintain peace in the provinces
  • lived by an honor code called Bushido
  • would rather commit suicide than live without
    honor.

26
Code of Chivalry
  • Justice
  • Loyalty
  • Defense
  • Courage
  • Faith
  • Humility
  • Nobility

27
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28
Code of Bushido
  • Fidelity
  • Politeness
  • Virility
  • Simplicity

29
Seppuku Ritual Suicide
It is honorable to die in this way.
Kaishaku his seconds
30
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31
http//www.theonion.com/video/ninja-parade-slips-t
hrough-town-unnoticed-once-aga,14181/
Ninjas Just For Fun
  • appeared in 14th century
  • roles included sabotage, espionage
    assassination
  • cause social chaos
  • At least one ninja academy for girls

32
Manorialism in Europe
  • the economic portion of feudalism
  • life was centered on the lords manor
  • included the village, church, farm land and mill.
  • involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations
    that exchanged labor or rents for access to land.
  • encompassed the political relations between the
    Lord of the Manor and his peasants
  • sometimes referred to as the seignorial system,
    or Seigneurialism.

33
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34
The Reciprocal obligations of manorialism
  • Peasants paid the lord of the manor certain dues
    in return for the use of his land
  • The Lord of the Manor was expected to provide
    protection for his peasants
  • He also provided 'Banalities use of oven
    mill
  • Lord had judicial power and could gain revenue by
    the payment of fines
  • Lord could claim the goods of a person who died
    on their lands and had no direct heir

35
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36
Feudal Japanese Economics
  • Japan was an agricultural society based on the
    production of rice. Terraces were created to
    increase the amount of arable land.
  • There was little trade it was mostly local with
    few or no contacts with Korea or China.

37
Commoners in Japan
  • Japanese peasants were reduced to the status of
    serfs.
  • They were bound to the land and treated as
    property.
  • made up 75 of the population.
  • not allowed to ride a horse or carry a sword.
  • Social Mobility In times of war, a peasant who
    fought well could rise in status in the society.

Farmer with Hoe (Ivory)
Farmers wife Noble occupation
38
Europe Mostly Isolated in Feudalism
  • Little long distance trade
  • Northern Hanseatic League
  • Education declined - controlled by Church
  • Art and architecture less sophisticated
  • Christianity spreads to Scandinavia and Baltic
    regions
  • Islam seen as a threat to Europe

39
Threats to Japan Mongol attempted invasions of
Japan
  • Kublai Khan sends two invasion forces
  • 4,400 ships and 140,000 men
  • kamikaze winds stop them.
  • Mongols lose up to 75 of men

40
Threats in Europe
  • Vikings
  • Seamen and warriors
  • Why migrate
  • Technology
  • Convert to Christianity
  • Places of settlement
  • Magyars
  • Muslims

41
Castles in Europe
  • castles helped a king or a vassal defend the land
    around
  • provided homes for the nobles and their families
    and servants.
  • outer walls could be up to 33 feet thick
  • by 1500, became much less important (cannons
    invented)

42
Castles in Japan
  • In 12th and 13th centuries castles were built by
    Samurai and Daimyo.
  • Built mostly of wood, they were easily destroyed
    in sieges.

43
Comparative thesis
  • Compare the (1st 2nd period social, 3rd 5th
    period economic, 6th 7th period political)
    aspects of the feudal systems of Japan and Europe
    between 1000 and 1450 C.E.
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