Deviance

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Deviance
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SOCIAL CONTROL http//www.youtube.com/watch
?vIpHcTGXy76I

• Societal attempts to regulate peoples thoughts
  behavior. Three types
• Personal Control
• How you see yourself
• Informal Social Control
• How others respond to you
• Formal Social Control
• Enforced by authorized agents, including police
  officers, employers, military officers

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Deviance

• Any behavior, belief, or condition that violates
  social norms in the society or group in which it
  occurs
• Examples
• Drinking too much
• Robbing a bank
• Laughing during a funeral

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The Biological Context

• Early interest in criminality focused on
  biological causes Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909)
• Criminals stand out physically
• Criminals distinguished from non-criminals by
  multiple physical anomalies

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Lombroso

• To the trained eye people organized into
  categories.
• Those in group "A" are
• shoplifters
• "B" are swindlers
• "H" are purse snatchers,
• "E" are murderers, etc.
• You can see a man's real character at a glance.

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Sheldon

• Body structure and criminality

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Sheldon

• Endomorph - tendency toward plumpness
• Temperament tolerant, love of comfort and
  luxury, extravert
• Mesophorph- tendency towards muscularity
• Temperament courageous, energetic, active,
  dynamic, assertive, aggressive, risk taker 
• Ectomorph- tendency towards slightness
  Temperament artistic, sensitive, apprehensive,
  introvert

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CRITIQUE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

1. Limited explanation of crime
2. Most actions defined as deviant are carried out
   by people who are physically normal
3. Biological approach looks at individual
4. No insight into how some kinds of behavior come
   to be defined as deviant

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Deviance

• Behavior that fails to conform to the rules or
  norms of the group
• (Emile Durkheim)

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Deviance vs Conformity

• Range of unacceptable behavior outside the ideal
  norm
• Outside the boundary deviance

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Example Body Mass Index

• BMIWeight Status
• Below 18.5 Underweight
• 18.5 24.9 Normal
• 25.0 29.9 Overweight
• 30.0 and Above Obese

http//www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/calc-bmi.htm
BMI Index Calculator
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? Over conforming
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• Under conforming-gt

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n 1The Statistical Definition

• Deviance--any behaviour or condition that is a
  departure from majority and/or average experience
• Very concrete and clear definition

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Normative Definition

• Deviance--Violation of a norm
• A socially-shared standard of conduct
• NormsWhat you should/should not do
• Behaviors that are normal in certain situations
• Most popular sociological definition of deviance

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Legalist Definition

• DevianceBreaking a law
• Problem 1 Not all deviant acts are illegal
• Problem 2 Not all illegal acts are deviant

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Odd Laws

• By law, if a man promises to marry an unmarried
  woman, the marriage must take place. (SC)
• It is considered an offense to get a tattoo. (SC)
• Horses may not be kept in bathtubs. (SC)
• It is illegal to give or receive oral sex in
  South Carolina.
• The drinking age on Furman University campus is
  60 years old.
• Eating watermelons in the Magnolia Street
  cemetery is forbidden.

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Structural-Functionalist

• Functions of Deviance
• Affirms cultural values
• Generates sustains morality
• Clarifies moral boundaries
• Promotes social unity
• Encourages social change

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Absolutist View of Deviance

• 2 fundamental types of human behavior
• Inherently good
• Inherently bad
• Deviance is potentially destructive
• Society needs to control or eliminate it

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Relativist View of Deviance

• Deviance is socially created by collective
  judgments
• No Absolute right wrong
• No action is inherently deviant
• People become deviant (not born deviant)
• Key factor--Who does the defining
• Deviance involves power
• Powerful can create apply norms

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No Typical Deviant Characteristics

• Examples
• Parking ticket to murder
• Crying in public women vs men
• Speaking loudlyparty vs church
• Standing too closestanding too far away

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Societal Reaction Theories
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Societal Reaction

• Processes by which
• Certain types of behavior become viewed as
  unacceptable, deviant, or criminal
• Deviance does not exist independently of
  peoples reaction
• Deviance is not a quality of an act

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Societal Reaction Theories

• Theoretical Approaches
• Symbolic interaction
• Labeling theory

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Symbolic Interactionism Stresses the importance
of the real or imagined reactions of others to
how we act and how we view ourselves.
Charles H. Cooley
Herbert Blumer
George Herbert Mead
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Response
Stimulus
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Response
Stimulus
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Symbolic Interaction Deviance

• Looking Glass Self (C.H. Cooley)
• Situations defined as real are real in their
  consequences.(W.I. Thomas)

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Symbolic Interaction Labeling Theory

• Concerns
• How does society label certain behavior as
  deviant?
• Why does society label certain behavior as
  deviant?
• What are the consequences of a deviant label?

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CONSEQUENCES OF LABELS

• Three consequences
• 1. Affects who responds to deviance
• 2. How people respond
• 3. Personal competence of deviant person
• When are people not responsible for their
  behavior?

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Edwin LemertPrimary Secondary Deviation

• Process of labeling
• Deviant behavior results from stigmatized sense
  of self
• Primary deviance General deviance
• Example
• Person gets drunk at party several timessees
  self as enjoying party

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Secondary deviance

• Secondary devianceBased on responses to primary
  deviance
• Example
• Person notices that friends hide liquor when he
  visits
• Sees self as a drunk
• Continues to drink because he is a drunk

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Mertons Strain Theory

• Some deviance may be necessary for society to
  function
• Extent and kind of deviance depends on whether
  society provides the means to achieve cultural
  goals
• ConformityPursuing cultural goals through
  approved means

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Strain Theory CONFORMITY

• SOCIALLLY APPROVED GOAL
• Making

• SOCIALLY APPROVED MEANS
• Get a college education
• Work Hard

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DEVIANCE Innovation

• NOT SOCIALLY APPROVED MEANS
• Sell illegal drugs
• White collar crime
• Join the mafia

• SOCIALLLY APPROVED GOAL
• Making

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Deviance Ritualism

• SOCIALLLY APPROVED GOAL
• Making

• Fail to Achieve Socially Approved Goal
• Keep working hard anyway

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Deviance Retreatism

• SOCIALLLY APPROVED GOAL
• Making

• Reject Goal and the Means
• Work in supermarket live with parents

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Deviance Rebellion

• SEEK NEW GOAL
• Adventure
• Promoting equality

• NEW MEANS
• Work for political change
• Start a revolution
• Start a cult

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Medicalization of Deviance

• Transformation of moral legal deviance into
  medical condition
• Moral terms
• Bad or Good
• Medical terms
• Sick or Well
• Example
• Alcoholism no longer considered a sin or a moral
  weakness it is now a disease

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Medicalization of Deviance

• Peter Conrad documents how hyperkinesis
  (attention deficit, hyperactivity) became a
  medical term
• Initially, childrens very, very active behaviors
  considered normal
• Or just much more active, curious, anti-social,
  rebellious or stimulated than the average child

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Medicalization of Deviance

• Slowly, pharmaceutical revolution
• Psychological disorders increased use of
  medicines for childhood disorders
• Growing interest in child psychiatry
• Credible foundation to educate public about new
  disorder 

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Deviance and Social Inequality

• Who or what is labeled deviant depends on access
  to power
• People labeled deviant are typically low power or
  powerless

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Three social-conflict explanations

• 1. Norms laws of society generally reflect the
  interests of rich powerful
• 2. The powerful have resources to resist deviant
  labels
• 3. Widespread belief that norms laws are
  natural good hides political character
• The influence of who we are
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdWXO-_Hoyhkfeature
  related

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