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Parent Information Night Science Fair

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Parent Information NightScience Fair. Presented by . LAS Fifth Grade Team. Kelly Adamson and Nancy Castillo – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Parent Information Night Science Fair


1
Parent Information NightScience Fair
  • Presented by
  • LAS Fifth Grade Team

2
A Successful Science Fair Project is an
investigation and includes
  • Starts with a question (not a yes or no
    answer)
  • A clear hypothesis
  • Research and documentation
  • An experimental procedure that tests the
    hypothesis
  • Data collecting and recording
  • Data analysis
  • Conclusions that refer to the hypothesis

3
So, how to begin?
  • Start with the students interests/hobbies
  • WWW.SCIENCEBUDDIES.ORG, Science Fair Central,
    List of possible projects from your teacher, or
    other similar resource
  • Write the problem or question
  • Do some preliminary research on the topic
  • Formulate a hypothesis
  • Figure out the experimenthow are you going to
    TEST the hypothesis?

4
Problem must be stated as a testable
question.(Should not be able to answer question
with a yes or no) Example Which particle
size will have the fastest reaction rate?
5
Hypothesis Educated guess based on previous
research Example The powdered Alka-Selttzer
tablet will have the fastest reaction rate.
6
  • Research and documentation
  • Students should research science concepts that
    tie to their project.
  • Example Chemical reactions
  • molecules
  • reaction rate
  • reactant
  • chemicals
  • chemical change
  • product
  • temperature
  • Students will write a multiple paragraph research
    paper explaining these concepts and explaining
    their relevance to the real world.
  • Typed research paper will use Times New Roman 12
    font and be double spaced
  • Length should be at least 1 full page and not
    exceed 4 pages.
  • Must be written in students own words(5th grade
    vocabulary). No Plagiarism !

7
Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions occur
when two or more substances combine to make a new
substance. Chemicals are made from molecules.
The rate of reaction is how fast the molecules
regroup. Chemical change happens when a reactant
transforms a substance into a new product.
Temperature may also affect chemical reactions
and the rate of reaction. Molecules consist of
more than one atom combined together. An atom is
the smallest particle of an element. They differ
in size and weight. Molecules are the smallest
particles of a compound. For example, oxygen is
a compound of two oxygen molecules, OOO2.
Another example is water. Water is a compound of
two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule,
HHOH2O. Molecules make it possible for there
to be many different substances. Rate of
Reaction is the speed at which chemical change
happens. At a high rate, the chemical change can
take seconds. At a low rate, the speed of the
chemical reaction can take thousands of years.
The substance that you start with before a
chemical change occurs is the reactant. The
resulting substance is the product. When a
reactant undergoes a chemical change it becomes a
new product. A chemical change occurs when two
solutions come together to form some reaction.
For example, it can form a solid, gas, or a
temperature change. Sometimes it can create
energy to be released, a color change, or tarnish
can form. A product is the new substance in a
chemical change or chemical reaction. An example
of a chemical change is Alka-Seltzer that starts
out as aspirin, citric acid, and sodium
bicarbonate. After it goes through the process
of the chemical change, it then becomes sodium,
bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and
water. Temperature is the warmth or coolness of
an object measured by a thermometer. Fahrenheit
and Celsius are scales of measurement shown on
thermometers. Heat is a form of energy created
by the movement of atoms and molecules. The
faster the movement, the more heat is
developed. Chemical reactions occur in many
different ways and can form many different
products. Chemical reactions are ongoing in our
bodies as well. Chemical reactions are constantly
occurring in the world around us. They help make
our planet and life itself exist.
8
  • Materials for Experiment
  • List all materials used in experiment.
  • Students must include specific amounts and
    measurements.
  • Example
  • 12 Alka Seltzer tablets
  • 4 sheets of blank paper
  • 1 hammer
  • 4 thermometers
  • 12 clear drinking cups
  • 1 cup measuring cup
  • 1 plastic spoon
  • 12 cups of tap water (same temperature)
  • 1 stop watch
  • One person to keep time
  • One person to drop tablet and observe and note
    time
  • A log to fill in data and observations
  • pen or pencil

9
  • Experimental Procedure
  • Student will write step by step instructions
    explaining how to set up and conduct the
    experiment.
  • Steps must be numbered
  • Be Specific
  • Example
  • 1. Pour 8 ozs of water into 12 cups.
  • 2. Label cups according to particle size.
  • 3. Measure the temperature of the water and
    record in log.
  • 4. Remove thermometer.
  • 5. Prepare tablets by leaving four tablets
    whole break four tablets
  • into halves break four tablets into
    quarters and pound four
  • tablets into a powder. (fold tablets into a
    piece of paper before
  • pounding with a hammer)
  • 6. On the count of 3, timer starts while the
    volunteer drops a whole
  • tablet into the first cup of water. Wait for
    tablet to completely
  • dissolve and stop the watch. Note the time in
    the log. Repeat 3
  • more times.
  • 7. Repeat step 6 for the halved, quartered, and
    powdered tablets.

10
  • Data Collecting and Recording
  • Create a hand drawn or computer generated chart.
  • Enter data as you conduct experiment. Data must
    be a measurement. (height, weight, temperature,
    etc.)
  • Data must be recorded by hand in pen or pencil.
  • Data must be recorded from at least 3
    trials(experiment repeated at least 3 times)
  • Data must be recorded as decimals not fractions
  • Written observations describing what occurs
    during experiment must be recorded as well.

11
Log
Particle Size Temperature(F) Reaction Time(s) Reaction Time(s) Reaction Time(s) Average Reaction Time(s) Observations
Particle Size Temperature(F) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Reaction Time(s) Observations
Whole Tablet          
Tablet Broken in Half          
Tablet Broken in Quarters          
Powdered Tablet          
12
  • Data Analysis and Reporting Results
  • Create a hand drawn or computer generated chart
    of data taken directly form log.
  • Calculate the average measurement for each of the
    3 trials, and include this in you data chart.
  • Using the final averaged data, create a graph to
    show results visually.
  • Take the final averaged data from the chart, and
    write out the final results in complete
    sentences. Just state the results, no
    explanations.

13
Data Chart
Particle Size Temperature(F) Reaction Time(s) Reaction Time(s) Reaction Time(s) Average Reaction Time(s)
Particle Size Temperature(F) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Reaction Time(s)
Whole Tablet          
Tablet Broken in Half          
Tablet Broken in Quarters          
Powdered Tablet          
14
Graph
15
Results The powdered tablet dissolved the
fastest at an average of 41.5 seconds The
quartered tablet dissolved at an average of 43
seconds. The halved tablet dissolved at an
average of 44.5 seconds. The whole tablet
dissolved the slowest at an average of 47 seconds.
16
  • Conclusion and Discussion
  • State whether or not the results supported the
    hypothesis.
  • Using knowledge gained from research explain why
    you think your results occurred.
  • Also explain any problems that arose that may
    have influenced your results.
  • What would you do differently if you were to
    conduct this experiment again?
  • What suggestions do you have for further
    experimentation on this topic?
  • For example

17
Conclusion My hypothesis was correct. The
powdered Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolved the
fastest. This conclusion goes along with my
research that states, if a solid reactant is
broken into smaller pieces or ground into a
powder, then its surface area is increased, and
more particles are exposed to the other reactant.
This increases the rate at which the particles
collide with each other, which in turn increases
the reaction rate. The results of my experiment
may have been affected by the fact that the
powdered Alka-Seltzer tablet stuck to the paper
that it was crushed on, so that not all the
powder made it into the water. Only a miniscule
amount stuck to the paper. Also, it was more
difficult to tell when the powdered Alka-Seltzer
was done reacting, than with the other particle
sizes, because the reaction was so bubbly. For
further experimentation I would test whether
stirring at a faster rate affects reaction time.
Another alternative would be, I could use bottles
of soda and Mentos broken into different particle
sizes. I could also test if different liquids
cause a faster reaction time. Another idea would
be to test whether the temperature of the water
would affect reaction rate? In conclusion, maybe
medicines should be sold in powder form, so that
they can dissolve quickly and start taking effect
sooner.      
18
  • Annotated Bibliography
  • A list of ALL resources students used to conduct
    research written in ALA or MLA format. (See
    Student handouts provided by teacher)
  • Sources must be in alphabetical order
  • Must have at least 3 sources
  • Annotation Each entry must have a 1-3 sentence
    summary of the information found.

19
Annotated Bibliography   Chemical Reactions.
Raders CHEM4KIDS.COM. www.chem4kids.com.
9/16/2012 This website helped me understand what
a reaction and chemical reaction are.   Fallon,
L. Fleming. "Thermometer." Gale Encyclopedia of
Surgery A Guide for Patients and
Caregivers. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 Sep. 2013
lthttp//www.encyclopedia.comgt. This
encyclopedia explained what a thermometer is, and
that it is used to measure temperature in
Fareheit (F) and Celsius (C).   Hacket, Dr. Jay
K. California Science. New York. 2008. Macmillan
McGraw-Hill From this science text I learned the
definitions for molecule and atom. I also
learned that a chemical reaction starts with a
reactant and ends with a product.   Heat and
Thermal Energy. Raders CHEM4KIDS.COM.
www.chem4kids.com. 9/16/12 This article
explained how heat is energy caused by the
movement of atoms and molecules.   Rate of
Reaction. Raders CHEM4KIDS.COM.
www.chem4kids.com. 9/16/2012 This article
explained what a reaction rate is. It also helped
me understand how temperature effects reaction
rate.   What are the active ingredients in
Alka-Seltzer?. Answers.www.answers.com.
9/26/13 This site gave me the ingredients and
chemical name for Alka-Seltzer, and explained
what happens when it dissolves in water.  
20
  • Abstract
  • Four paragraph summary of the project.
  • See format handout supplied by teacher.
  • I conducted an experiment using Alka-Seltzer and
    water. I wanted to find out how fast chemical
    reactions occur. I wanted to discover which size
    particle had the fastest reaction rate. My
    hypothesis was that the powdered Alka-Seltzer
    tablet would react the fastest.
  • I dissolved different sized particles of
    Alka-Seltzer into glasses of water. There were
    many tasks involved such as, mixing, dropping the
    tablets or pieces, recording the temperature and
    time, and making written observations in order to
    conduct the experiment accurately. It was
    important to drop the particles, start the time,
    and end the time once the particles dissolved.
    Then the data and results were recorded on the
    log.
  • My results showed that the whole tablet
    dissolved the slowest and the powdered tablet
    dissolved the fastest. As I recorded, I made
    observations. For example, the particles usually
    dropped to the bottom of the cup then floated to
    the top. The stirring motion should have been
    more constant, and we should have dropped the
    tablets from the same height all the time. Some
    of the powdered particles did not make it into
    the cup. The powdered particles did not drop to
    the bottom but bubbled more than the other
    samples.
  • The data and results supported my hypothesis
    that the powdered Alka- Seltzer tablet would
    dissolve the quickest. My experiment concluded
    that by crushing the tablet into a powder, it
    will dissolve in water much faster than a whole
    tablet, half tablet or quarter tablet. This
    information helps me to understand that the
    particle size of some substances affects its
    reaction rate.

21
Please note
  • Proving the hypothesis true
  • is NOT the purpose
  • of a science fair project
  • A well-supported answer based on research to a
    problem IS the purpose

22
For our fifth graders, inappropriate projects
include experiments using
  • Mold
  • Blood or other bodily fluids
  • Tissue (animal or human)
  • If human subjects or animals are used, a form
    explaining how they will be used MUST be
    completed and approved BEFORE the experiment
    begins.

23
Other inappropriate projects include
  • Displays or models without an investigation
  • Experiments done without a scientific concept
  • Experiments with more than one variable
  • Experiments that dont test the hypothesis
  • Models of sciencevolcanoes exploding, mixtures
    that have no connection to the hypothesis, etc.

24
CNUSD Science Fair Judging Criteria
  • Originality/creativity
  • Comprehension
  • Organization completeness
  • Effort Motivation
  • Clarity

25
Originality/Creativity
  • Original problem or an unique approach to an old
    one
  • Interpretation of data shows original
    thinking/creativity
  • Student shows understanding of how their results
    can have real life applications

26
Originality/Creativity
  • Does the project show creativity in
  • The hypothesis or questions asked?
  • The approach to solving the problem?
  • Analysis or data?
  • Use of equipment?
  • Construction and/or design of new equipment?

27
Effort Motivation
  • Time allowed to complete the experiment is
    appropriate to test hypothesis and make
    observations
  • Time spent on background reading/research is
    appropriate
  • Student learned considerable amount about the
    subject during the project
  • The display is informative, complete, clear, well
    organized and attractive

28
Clarity
  • The notebook is well-organized and accurate
  • The purpose, procedures, results and conclusions
    are clear
  • The title accurately reflects the project
  • The abstract is clear and concise
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