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Religious Wars

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Title: AP TEST REVIEW PART TWO Author: Thomas R. Gerard Last modified by: Brian Sheehy Created Date: 4/14/2000 4:16:15 AM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Religious Wars


1
EHAP REVIEWPT. 2
  • Religious Wars

2
Italian Wars
  • Italian city-states attractive to invaders
  • wealthy small
  • French Invasions
  • formed League of Cambray w/ Spain, Pope, HRE
  • Pope protests HRE allows Sack of Rome
  • 1530 Charles V (HRE) made peace w/ Pope named
    King of Italy

3
Empire of Charles V (1519-1556)
  • inherited huge Hapsburg empire HRE, Spain, Low
    Countries, Italian states
  • Weaknesses
  • too big, not continuous
  • religious wars w/ N. German Prot. princes
  • Breakup
  • Ferdinand I (brother) gets HRE
  • Philip II (son) Spain, Netherlands, Naples,
    Milan, New World colonies

4
Hapsburg Empire at Greatest Extent
5
Philip II (1556-1598)
  • great wealth from New World gold silver
  • excessive spending
  • fighting religious wars
  • luxury items for nobility
  • The Dutch Revolt
  • William of Orange united Dutch for independence
  • Philip crushed revoltCouncil of Blood
  • Cath. provinces became Belgium
  • Calvinist became Netherlands

6
Spanish Armada (1588)
  • Phillip II invades England
  • rivalry over seas new world
  • English sea dogs attack Spanish galleons
  • England sides w/ Dutch
  • tried to restore Cath. in Eng.
  • wanted to marry his dead wifes (Mary I) sister
    (Elizabeth I) she refused

7
Defeat of Spain
  • English defeat Spanish Armada
  • forever weakened Spain!
  • Dutch Republic
  • 1648 official independence
  • Golden Age of Dutch

8
Hard questionslogic based eliminate answer
choices!
9
30 Years War (1618-1648)
  • Causes
  • religious tensions
  • also struggle b/n Bourbons (Fr.) Habsburgs
    (HRE)
  • 1. Bohemian Phase I Defenestration of Prague
    (1618)
  • - Prot. crushed
  • 2. Danish Phase II Wallensteins forces helped
    HRE
  • 3. Swedish Phase III King Gustavus Adolphus
    wanted to protect Prot. invades Ger.
  • Cardinal Richelieu of Fr. supported Gustavus to
    control power of Hapsburgs

10
  • 4. Swedish-French Phase IV Denmark attacked
    Sweden
  • Cath. France Prot. Sweden vs.
  • Cath. HRE, Prot. Denmark, Cath. Spain
  • 1648 PEACE OF WESTPHALIA (ends 30 yr. War)
  • Effects
  • Forever weakened HRE
  • began Fr. continental supremacy
  • 1/3 of pop. died
  • long-term fragmentation of central Eur.

11
Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
  • EFFECTS
  • Renewed Peace of Augsburg (cuius regio, eius
    religio)
  • Calvinism legalized
  • independence of Switz. Neth.
  • more sovereignty for Ger. princes but PERMANENTLY
    WEAKENED HRE

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13
FRENCH CIVIL WARS
  • 90 of Fr. Cath.
  • most French Huguenots (Calvinists) were wealthy
  • against Valois monarchy
  • Francis I Henry II
  • persecuted Calvinists
  • religious war in 1562
  • St. Bartholomews Day massacre (1572) 1000s of
    Parisian Protestants killed
  • led to War of the Three Henrys

14
War of the 3 Henrys
  • England helped Fr. Prot.
  • King Henry III (Cath.) Henry of Navarre (Prot.)
    vs. Henry Guise (Cath.)
  • Henry Navarre won became King Henry IV, starts
    Bourbon dynasty
  • Henry IV
  • rebuilt Fr. (w/ Duke of Sully) roads, bridges,
    agriculture
  • strengthened monarchy
  • converted to Cath. (Paris is worth a mass)
  • Edict of Nantes religious freedom for Prot.

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16
TUDOR ENGLAND (1485-1603)
  • Henry VII
  • restored peace economy
  • taxed nobility
  • Court of the Star Chamber
  • Henry VIII
  • 6 wives
  • Church of Eng.
  • church lands to friends
  • New World exploration

17
Henry VIIIs kids
  • Edward VI
  • King at age 10died at 16
  • Mary I
  • oldest daughter Cath.
  • married Philip II of Sp.
  • tried to change England back to Cath.
  • Bloody Marypersecuted Prot.

18
  • Elizabeth I
  • raised Prot.
  • a politique she compromised w/ Cath. Prot.
  • defeated Spanish Armada (1588)
  • balance of powers
  • Eng. Ren.
  • exploration colonialism
  • Virgin Queen
  • had Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots) executed

19
Spanish Exploration
  • early on largest overseas empire
  • Columbus 1492
  • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Spain all of New
    World (except Brazil)
  • Columbus colonization to Caribbean
  • Pizzaro Inca of Peru
  • Magellan circumnavigates globe
  • Bartholomew de Las Casas protested Indians
    abuses
  • Cortes Aztecs

20
English Exploration
  • Cabot NW passage (Canada)
  • Drake circumnavigated raided Sp. galleons
  • Raleigh Virginia
  • Cook Australia New Zealand

21
French Exploration
  • Verrazano claimed Canada for France
  • Champlain St. Lawrence Valley
  • LaSalle Mississippi Valley
  • Marquette Joliet Great Lakes region
  • France moved into Canada, W. Indies, Louisiana

22
Dutch Swedish Exploration
  • Dutch explored NY, Delaware, Hudson River
    Valley.
  • Tasman discovered Australia New Zealand
    (worked for Dutch E. India Co.)
  • 1600s Dutch took many Portuguese colonies in far
    East
  • Sweden claimed Delaware Bay Region

23
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24
French Politics
  • Louis XIII (1610-1643)
  • advisor Cardinal Richelieu, effectively ruled
    France
  • return power back to absolute king
  • provinces ran by intendants
  • destroyed noble castles armies
  • royal spies
  • mass executions
  • crushed power of Huguenots

25
Sun King
  • Louis XIV (1643 - 1715)
  • king at 5
  • chief advisor, Cardinal Mazarin
  • crushed Frondes revolts by nobility
  • use of intendants
  • Divine Right (Bishop Bosseut)
  • Treaty of Pyrenees (1659) Fr. out of 30 Yrs.
    War Louis marries Maria Therese of Sp.
  • built Versailles patron of arts (Golden Age of
    France)
  • territorial expansion 4 costly wars
  • Religious disputes ended Edict of Nantes
    (Huguenots fled) appointed Bishops

26
The Sun King Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715)letat
cest moi
27
Wars of Louis XIV
  • France permanently weakened
  • War of Devolution claimed Sp. Netherlands from
    wife
  • Dutch War claimed Dutch commercial interests
  • against Dutch, HRE, Sp., Prussia
  • War of the League of Augsburg invaded Ger.
    border
  • War of Spanish Succession Louis grandson Philip
    claims Sp. throneHapsburgs say no
  • Sp. Fr. against Eng., HRE, Dutch
  • Treaty of Utrecht Philip stays as King in Sp.
    Sp. loses land to HRE

28
Fr. Mercantilism
  • finance minister, Colbert architect of
    mercantilism
  • encouraged trade commerce
  • wealth of gold silver (bullion)
  • favorable balance of trade
  • 5 great farms
  • industrial production

29
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31
Stuart England
  • James I divine right rule
  • repeatedly dismissed Parliament to raise taxes
  • Puritan Cath. minorities upset
  • Charles I
  • forced to accept Petition of Right (1628)
  • jury trial
  • no quartering
  • no taxes without parliament
  • War w/ Scots
  • forced to ask Parl. for moneysaid no (Short
    Parl.)
  • Long Parl. gave moneysplit in Parl. led to
    civil war

32
English Civil War (1649-1660)
  • Cavaliers land-holding royalists
  • Roundheads Puritans middle class against king
    New Model Army led by Oliver Cromwell (Puritan)
  • Phase 1 w/ aid of Scots, Cromwell Parl. Wins
  • limited monarchy or Puritan theocracy???
  • Phase 2 Cromwell controls Parliament
  • Rump Parliament controlled by army

33
Charles I
34
Cromwells Rule
  • names himself Lord Protector
  • executed Charles I
  • military dictatorship
  • trade increased
  • controlled Irish Scottish rebellions
  • Parl. overthrew his son invited Charles II back
    as King (Merry Monarch)
  • the Restoration
  • limited kings power
  • Parl. bans Catholics from public office
  • brother James II takes overhis son baptized Cath.

35
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36
The Glorious Revolution
  • Parl. invited James Protestant daughter Mary and
    husband William of Orange to rule England
  • William Mary accepted Bill of Rights (1689)
    permanently limited power of monarchy
    (squirearchy)
  • Bill of Rights
  • no taxes w/out consent of Parl.
  • regular sessions freedom of speech
  • trial by jury
  • Toleration Act freedom for all Prot. sects

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