Prologue: The Story of Psychology

1
Prologue The Story of Psychology
Contemporary Psychology
Subfields
Early Science
Psychologys roots
Study Skills
2
1. Psychology is defined as

• A) the study of behavior and mental processes.
• B) the study of behavior.
• C) the scientific study of behavior and mental
  processes.
• D) the science of behavior and consequences.

3
2. Socrates and Plato were in agreement that

• A) knowledge is something we are born with.
• B) knowledge is something taught and learned.
• C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.
• D) the mind is the activity of the brain.

4
3. It was _____ who believed that the mind grows
from experiences in our memory.

• A) Socrates
• B) Plato
• C) Descartes
• D) Aristotle

5
4. ____ believed the fluid in the cavities of
the brain contained animal spirits.

• A) Plato
• B) Bacon
• C) Aristotle
• D) Descartes

6
An essay of the political philosopher _____,
arguing the mind is a blank slate, helped form
modern empiricism.

• A) Bacon
• B) Locke
• C) Descartes
• D) Plato

7
6. The first psychological laboratory was
established by

• A) Wilhelm Wundt.
• B) Sigmund Freud.
• C) John Locke.
• D) B.F. Skinner.

8
7. Tichner believed in the method called ____ to
investigate psychological processes.

• A) the experimental method
• B) cause-and-effect relationships
• C) introspection
• D) psychoanalysis

9
8. William James studied behavior based on how it
was adaptive. He was heavily influenced by
_____.

• A) John Locke
• B) Charles Darwin
• C) Sigmund Freud
• D) Francis Bacon

10
9. Mary Calkins was famous for

• A) being the first female president of the APA.
• B) being a leading proponent of structuralism.
• C) being the first female graduate student,
  thanks to Titchner.
• D) all of the above.

11
10. The first textbook was written by

• A) Washburn.
• B) Titchner.
• C) Wundt.
• D) James.

12
11. Watson and Skinner would be in agreement in
their

• A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.
• B) dismissal of introspection.
• C) definition of psychology as the study of
  behavior and mental processes.
• D) study of cognitive neuroscience.

13
12. Current psychology employs three main levels
of analysis, which include all of the following
except

• A) biological.
• B) psychological.
• C) psychoanalytical.
• D) social-cultural.

14
13. A psychologist explains human mate selection
in terms of helping the species to continue. She
is using the ____ perspective.

• A) social-cultural
• B) neuroscience
• C) evolutionary
• D) biological

15
14. In psychology, the current stand on the
nature-nurture controversy is

• A) nature works on what nature endows.
• B) learning is far more important than genetics.
• C) genetics is far more important than learning.
• D) we are born with a blank slate until learning
  occurs.

16
15. In studying anger, the psychologist who views
an anger outburst as an outlet for unconscious
hostility is coming from the ___ perspective.

• A) neuroscience
• B) evolutionary
• C) cognitive
• D) psychodynamic

17
16. The psychologist most likely to treat mental
disorders is the

• A) counseling psychologist.
• B) clinical psychologist.
• C) personality psychologist.
• D) developmental psychologist.

18
17. The ___ has a medical degree and prescribes
medication.

• A) clinical psychologist
• B) neuropsychologist
• C) psychiatrist
• D) all of the above

19
18. You are a VP in a major corporation and need
to hire a professional to help hire and train
employees more effectively. Your best choice
would likely be a(n)

• A) industrial/organizational psychologist.
• B) clinical psychologist.
• C) social psychologist.
• D) cognitive psychologist.

20
19. Research aimed at building psychologys
knowledge base is

• A) applied research.
• B) academic research.
• C) basic research.
• D) theoretical research.

21
20. The psychological specialty most likely to
focus on applied research is

• A) Biological Psychology.
• B) Cognitive Psychology.
• C) Personality Psychology.
• D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

22
21. The correct order of the SQ3R method is

• A) survey, question, review, read, reflect.
• B) survey, question, read, review, reflect.
• C) survey, question, read, reorganize,
  regurgitate.
• D) study, question, re-study,
  re-read, review.

23
22. Your friend, Bob, tells you he only studies
the day before the test, so it is, fresh. You
point out

• A) short-term memory is more accurate than
  long-term memory.
• B) studying right before the test is better than
  the day before.
• C) spaced practice is more effective.
• D) as long as he follows the SQ3R model, he
  should do fine.

24
23. In class, you can listen actively by

• A) asking questions.
• B) write down main ideas.
• C) thinking about what is being said.
• D) all of the above.

25
24 Your text recommends the way to answer
multiple-choice questions is to

• A) cover the answers first.
• B) weigh the potential of each answer.
• C) eliminate the wrong answers first.
• D) imagine how each answer could be the right one.

26
25. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active
listening, stating, No reception without
reaction, no impression without . . .
expression.

• A) Sigmund Freud
• B) William James
• C) John Locke
• D) Wilhelm Wundt

27
Answers
Stop here, or continue as a review
28
1. Psychology is defined as

• A) the study of behavior and mental processes.
• B) the study of behavior.
• C) the scientific study of behavior and mental
  processes.
• D) the science of behavior and consequences.

2
29
2. Socrates and Plato were in agreement that

• A) knowledge is something we are born with.
• B) knowledge is something taught and learned.
• C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.
• D) the mind is the activity of the brain.

2
30
3. It was _____ who believed that the mind grows
from experiences in our memory.

• A) Socrates
• B) Plato
• C) Descartes
• D) Aristotle

2
31
4. ____ believed the fluid in the cavities of
the brain contained animal spirits.

• A) Plato
• B) Bacon
• C) Aristotle
• D) Descartes

3
32
An essay of the political philosopher _____,
arguing the mind is a blank slate, helped form
modern empiricism.

• A) Bacon
• B) Locke
• C) Descartes
• D) Plato

3
33
6. The first psychological laboratory was
established by

• A) Wilhelm Wundt.
• B) Sigmund Freud.
• C) John Locke.
• D) B.F. Skinner.

4
34
7. Titchner believed in the method called ____
to investigate psychological processes.

• A) the experimental method
• B) cause-and-effect relationships
• C) introspection
• D) psychoanalysis

4
35
8. William James studied behavior based on how it
was adaptive. He was heavily influenced by
_____.

• A) John Locke
• B) Charles Darwin
• C) Sigmund Freud
• D) Francis Bacon

5
36
9. Mary Calkins was famous for

• A) being the first female president of the APA.
• B) being a leading proponent of structuralism.
• C) being the first female graduate student,
  thanks to Titchner.
• D) all of the above.

5
37
10. The first textbook was written by

• A) Washburn.
• B) Titchner.
• C) Wundt.
• D) James.

6
38
11. Watson and Skinner would be in agreement in
their

• A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.
• B) dismissal of introspection.
• C) definition of psychology as the study of
  behavior and mental processes.
• D) study of cognitive neuroscience.

7
39
12. Current psychology employs three main levels
of analysis, which include all of the following
except

• A) biological.
• B) psychological.
• C) psychoanalytical.
• D) social-cultural.

10
40
13. A psychologist explains human mate selection
in terms of helping the species to continue. She
is using the ____ perspective.

• A) social-cultural
• B) neuroscience
• C) evolutionary
• D) biological

11
41
14. In psychology, the current stand on the
nature-nurture controversy is

• A) nature works on what nature endows.
• B) learning is far more important than genetics.
• C) genetics is far more important than learning.
• D) we are born with a blank slate until learning
  occurs.

10
42
15. In studying anger, the psychologist who views
an anger outburst as an outlet for unconscious
hostility is coming from the ___ perspective.

• A) neuroscience
• B) evolutionary
• C) cognitive
• D) psychodynamic

11
43
16. The psychologist most likely to treat mental
disorders is the

• A) counseling psychologist.
• B) clinical psychologist.
• C) personality psychologist.
• D) developmental psychologist.

12
44
17. The ___ has a medical degree and prescribes
medication.

• A) clinical psychologist
• B) neuropsychologist
• C) psychiatrist
• D) all of the above

13
45
18. You are a VP in a major corporation and need
to hire a professional to help hire and train
employees more effectively. Your best choice
would likely be a(n)

• A) industrial/organizational psychologist.
• B) clinical psychologist.
• C) social psychologist.
• D) cognitive psychologist.

12
46
19. Research aimed at building psychologys
knowledge base is

• A) applied research.
• B) academic research.
• C) basic research.
• D) theoretical research.

12
47
20. The psychological specialty most likely to
focus on applied research is

• A) Biological Psychology.
• B) Cognitive Psychology.
• C) Personality Psychology.
• D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

13
48
21. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active
listening, stating, No reception without
reaction, no impression without . . .
expression.

• A) Sigmund Freud
• B) William James
• C) John Locke
• D) Wilhelm Wundt

16
49
Answers
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. A
15. D
16. B
17. C
18. A
19. C
20. D
21. B
22. C
23. D
24. A
25. B