Title: Psych Final Review
1Psych Final Review
2Unit 1 Intro to Psych
- Objectives
- Define psychology
- Study of behaviors and mental processes
- History of psychology
- Trephining- Elements/Humors- Phrenology-
Enlightenment (anatomy)- Lab science (Wundts
structuralism and James functionalism)- - Major schools of psychology
- Why psych a science
- Scientific Method- Research Methods- Basic vs.
Applied - Careers in psychology?
3Modern Schools of Thought
- Psychoanalytic
- Sigmund Freud
- Hidden conflict drives behavior
- Behaviorism
- John B. Watson
- Observable behavior/ consequence
- Cognitive
- Jean Piaget
- Org, remember, use knowledge
- Humanistic
- Maslow and Rogers
- Hierarchy of needs guides behavior
- (Neuro)Biological
- NS, Hormones, Genes influence behavior
- Sociocultural
- Behave according to rules of society culture
4Psych As Science
- Basic- study to know more, Applied- use what we
know to solve problems - Career paths in each (Clinical, School, Forensic,
Dvpt, etc) - Scientific Method
- Problem, Hypothesis, Research, Analyze, Theory,
Retest - Research Methods
- Observation, Case study, Interview, Survey, Tests
- Experimental Method Variables, Groups, Bias,
Blinds - Correlational Method
- Longitudinal, Cross-Sectional, Cross-Sequential
Research
5Unit 2 Biological Basis
- Objectives
- Techniques for studying the brain.
- Phrenology- Infamous Patients- Lesioning-
Electrical Activity (EEG)- Imaging (CAT, PET,
MRI, fMRI) - Nervous System- neuron and neural communication.
- Types, Parts, Neurotransmitters, Reaction Time
- Neuroanatomy Diagram- CNS, PNS (and parts)
- Function and location of parts of the brain.-
Diagram - Function and location of lobes,
hemispheres,cortexes. - Glandular System
- Endocrine vs. Exocrine System
- Function and location of major endocrine glands
6Nervous System
- Brain Cells
- Glial Cells/ Neurons
- Neurons
- Sensory, Motor, Interneuron
- Parts of Neuron
- Body (soma)- Dendrites- Axon (myelin sheath)- End
Bulbs- Synapse - Communication
- Neurotransmitters (excite/inhibit)
- Reaction Time/ Discrimination
- Neuroanatomy
- Central Nervous System
- Brain and Spinal Cord
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Somatic and Autonomic
- Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
- Brain
- Right vs. Left Hemispheres
- Lobes
- Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
- Fissures, Motor/Sensory Cortex
7The Brain - Diagram
8Unit 3 States of Consciousness
- Objectives
- Define consciousness, id various states.
- Awareness of self and environment
- Conscious- Non-Con- Precon- Subcon- Uncon-
Altered - Describe state of sleep
- Explain theories on sleep
- Explain theories on dreaming
- Describe meditation and hypnosis.
- Hypnosis Deeply relaxed and highly suggestible
(Characteristics?) (Uses?) - Meditation Controlled consciousness for
tranquility - Identify types and effects of drugs and alcohol
9Sleep and Dreams
- Theories
- Why Sleep? Evolutionary- Recuperative
- Why at Night? Circadian
- Stages of Sleep Cycle
- Awake- Drowsy- I- II- III- IV- REM (V)
- Different brain waves
- Dream Theory
- Cultural, Psychoanalytic, Activation-Synthesis,
Problem Solving - Sleep Disorders
- Parasomnia vs Dysomnia
- Insomnia, Narcolepsy, Snoring/Apnea,
Walking/Talking/ Wetting, Terrors
10Unit 4 Developmental Psych
- Objectives
- Explain how study development
- Describe Piagets stages of intellectual growth
- Explain Freuds theory on social dvpt
- Describe Eriksons theory on identity formation
- Evaluate Kohlbergs theory on moral dvpt
- Define and explain adolescence
- Explain identity according to James Marcia
- Differentiate between three stages of adulthood
11Lifespan Development
- Physical- Cognitive-Social changes that take
place birth to death - Longitudinal, Cross-Sectional, Cross-Sequential
Studies - Milestones
- Pds of Human Life Span
- Prenatal dvpt
- Neonatal equipment
- Etc
- Critical Periods
- Language, Motor (Genie)
- Cognitive Dvpt
- Piaget
- Schemas assimilate/accommodate
- Sensorimotor
- Object permanence, stranger anxiety
- Preoperational
- Egocentric, no conservation
- Concrete Operational
- Conservation, reversible thought, perspective
- Formal Operational
- Abstract, Consequence, morality, problem solve,
hypothesis
12Lifespan Development
- Moral Dvpt
- Kohlbergs Moral Dilemmas
- Preconventional-
- Conventional
- Postconventional
- Social Dvpt
- Freud- Psychosexual
- Oral-Anal-Phallic-Latency-Genital (libido,
fixation) - Defense Mechanisms
- Social Dvpt
- Erikson- Psychosocial Crises
- Trust/Mistrust
- Autonomy/Shame-Doubt
- Initiative/Guilt
- Industry/Inferiority
- Identity/Confusion
- Intimacy/Isolation
- Generativity/Stagnation
- Integrity/Despair
13Lifespan Dvpt
- Adolescence
- Transition Pd
- Biological, Cognitive
- Erikson
- G. Stanley Hall (storm/stress)
- Havighursts Tasks
- Marcia Identity
- Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, Achieved
- Baumrind
- Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive
Indulgent, Permissive Neglectful - Peer Groups Identity
- Clique, Crowd
- Sex role, identity
- Gender, Ethnicity Identity
- Adulthood
- Levinson
- Young-Middle-Late
- Crisis Transitions
- Decremental Model of Aging
- Physical, Mental changes
- Ageism
- Death and Dying
- Kubler-Ross- Thanatologist
- Awareness Closed, Suspected, Open
- Stages Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression,
Acceptance
14Unit 5 Personality
- Objectives
- Define personality
- Describe personality assessments uses
- Compare contrast the major theories of
personality (Personality results from - Psychoanalytic- unconscious motives and the
importance of early childhood experiences - Neo-Freudian see above with slight
modifications - Behavioral interaction between the individual
and the environment - Social-Cognitive environmental conditions,
cognitive factors, and behavior - Humanistic inherent desire to reach our true
potential. - Trait - consistent, long-lasting behaviors
feelings.
15Personality Tests
- Personality
- Unique pattern of thought, feeling, behavior
- Humors Phrenology Modern Theories
- Assessments
- Objective (Self-Report) MMPI-2, 16PF, NEO
- Projective Rorschach, TAT
- Test Reliability Validity
- Uses
- Diagnose disorders
- Hiring
- Research
16Personality Theories
- Psychoanalytic
- Freuds Sexual/Aggressive Urges
- Id-Ego-Superego
- Fixation of Libido (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent,
Genital Stages) - Defense Mechanisms
- Neo-Freudian
- Jung Collective Unconscious (Archetypes)
- Horney Security
- Adler Inferiority Complex Birth Order
- Erikson Socialization
- Behavioral
- Skinner Behavior reinforcement/punishment
- Social-Cognitive
- Bandura observation
- Humanistic
- Maslow Self-actualization
- Rogers Self concept (real vs ideal), Fully
functioning - UPR - Trait
- Cattell 16 dimensions
- Big 5 - OCEAN
17Unit 6 Sensation and Perception
- Objectives
- Differentiate between the two
- Sensation is sensory info from environment,
Perception is how our brain interprets this info - Explain thresholds.
- List and describe the workings of the five basic
senses. - Examine factors which play a role in perception.
18Sensation
- Senses
- Sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing, kinesthetic,
vestibular - Transduction- Energy
- Psychophysics
- Thresholds Absolute, Difference (JND- Webers
Law) - Signal Detection Theory
- Sensory Adaptation
- Wavelengths
- Frequency, Amplitude
- Vision, Hearing
- Parts of Eye, EarHow they function in vision,
hearing - Remaining senses- why have them, how work,
damaged?
19Perception
- Visual
- Afterimages
- Perceptual Organization- Gestalt Laws
- Perceptual Constancy- Size, Color, Shape
- Perceptual Illusions- Examples
- Depth Perception- Binocular, Monocular, Motion
Cues
20Unit 7 Learning
- Objectives
- Describe components of classical conditioning.
- Describe components of operant conditioning.
- Describe social learning theory.
21Conditioning
- Classical
- Pavlov- Behaviors
- NS- UCS- UCR- CS- CR
- Principles of CC
- Acqui- Gen- Discrim- Extinc- Recov
- Watson- Emotions
- Baby Albert
- Fixing
- Counter- Desensitization- Flooding
- Operant
- Skinner
- Behavior/Consequence
- (/-) Reinforcement Punishment- Omission
Training - Primary/Secondary Reinforcers
- Continuous/Partial Reinforcement
- Ratio- Interval
- Fixed-Variable
- Shaping, Chaining
22Learning cont
- Seligman
- Feedback- Transfer- Practice
- Learned Laziness/Helplessness
- Observational Learning
- Bandura
- Modeling/Social Learn
- BoBo Doll
- Attention- Retention- Imitation- Motivation
- Vicarious Living- Disinhibition- Self-Efficacy
23Unit 8 Memory
- Objectives
- Diagram and explain the memory pathway.
- Identify types of memories.
- Explain why we forget.
24Memory Forgetting
- Information Processing
- Input-Central Processing-Output
- Sensory Memory-
- Selective Attn- Feature Extraction-
- STM-
- Chunking- Rehearsal- Encoding
- LTM
- Implicit/Explicit Memory
- Types Episodic- Declarative- Procedural
- Org Hierarchy- Schema- Semantic Network
- Retrieval Recognition- Recall- Relearning
- Forgetting
- Serial-Position Effect, Decay Theory,
Interference Theory, Repression - Amnesia
- Psychogenic Fugue/Amnesia
- Organic Antero/Retro-grade
- Improving Memory
- Mnemonic Devices
- Rhymes, Acronym, Imagery, Pegword Method, Method
of Loci - Mnemonists, Synesthesia, Eidetic memory, Savants
25Unit 9 Abnormal Psychology
- Objectives
- Define abnormal
- Explain medical model and DSM
- Differentiate between the 15 major DSM disorders
- Explain possible treatments and types of therapy
26Mental Illness
- Abnormal
- Deviation, Maladjustment, Distress
- Impairs daily functioning
- Medical Model
- Diagnose symptoms- Treat
- DSM-IV
- Criticisms?
- Legal Insanity
- Mental Illness
- Mood, Anxiety, Somatoform
- Dissociative, Schizophrenia
- Personality, Impulse Control
- Others
- Treatment
- In-Out Patient
- Biomedical (Surgery, Drugs)
- Psychotherapies (Types)
- Combined Therapy
- Therapists Counselors, Settings
27Perspectives of Disorders
Illness is the result of. Can be treated by
Psycho-analytic Unconscious conflicts over aggressive sexual impulses. Psychotherapy (talking cure)
Behavioral Reinforcement of inappropriate or extinction of appropriate behaviors. Behavior Therapy Apply principles of learning to change/modify behavior
Cognitive Irrational or maladaptive thought processes Cognitive Therapy Change thought processes
Psychosocial Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Medication, Behavioral , Cognitive Therapies
Neurobiology Genetic abnormalities in brain structure biochemistry. Medication