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Psych Final Review

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Title: Psych Final Review


1
Psych Final Review
  • Fall 2010Units of Study

2
Unit 1 Intro to Psych
  • Objectives
  • Define psychology
  • Study of behaviors and mental processes
  • History of psychology
  • Trephining- Elements/Humors- Phrenology-
    Enlightenment (anatomy)- Lab science (Wundts
    structuralism and James functionalism)-
  • Major schools of psychology
  • Why psych a science
  • Scientific Method- Research Methods- Basic vs.
    Applied
  • Careers in psychology?

3
Modern Schools of Thought
  • Psychoanalytic
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Hidden conflict drives behavior
  • Behaviorism
  • John B. Watson
  • Observable behavior/ consequence
  • Cognitive
  • Jean Piaget
  • Org, remember, use knowledge
  • Humanistic
  • Maslow and Rogers
  • Hierarchy of needs guides behavior
  • (Neuro)Biological
  • NS, Hormones, Genes influence behavior
  • Sociocultural
  • Behave according to rules of society culture

4
Psych As Science
  • Basic- study to know more, Applied- use what we
    know to solve problems
  • Career paths in each (Clinical, School, Forensic,
    Dvpt, etc)
  • Scientific Method
  • Problem, Hypothesis, Research, Analyze, Theory,
    Retest
  • Research Methods
  • Observation, Case study, Interview, Survey, Tests
  • Experimental Method Variables, Groups, Bias,
    Blinds
  • Correlational Method
  • Longitudinal, Cross-Sectional, Cross-Sequential
    Research

5
Unit 2 Biological Basis
  • Objectives
  • Techniques for studying the brain.
  • Phrenology- Infamous Patients- Lesioning-
    Electrical Activity (EEG)- Imaging (CAT, PET,
    MRI, fMRI)
  • Nervous System- neuron and neural communication.
  • Types, Parts, Neurotransmitters, Reaction Time
  • Neuroanatomy Diagram- CNS, PNS (and parts)
  • Function and location of parts of the brain.-
    Diagram
  • Function and location of lobes,
    hemispheres,cortexes.
  • Glandular System
  • Endocrine vs. Exocrine System
  • Function and location of major endocrine glands

6
Nervous System
  • Brain Cells
  • Glial Cells/ Neurons
  • Neurons
  • Sensory, Motor, Interneuron
  • Parts of Neuron
  • Body (soma)- Dendrites- Axon (myelin sheath)- End
    Bulbs- Synapse
  • Communication
  • Neurotransmitters (excite/inhibit)
  • Reaction Time/ Discrimination
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Central Nervous System
  • Brain and Spinal Cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Somatic and Autonomic
  • Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
  • Brain
  • Right vs. Left Hemispheres
  • Lobes
  • Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
  • Fissures, Motor/Sensory Cortex

7
The Brain - Diagram
8
Unit 3 States of Consciousness
  • Objectives
  • Define consciousness, id various states.
  • Awareness of self and environment
  • Conscious- Non-Con- Precon- Subcon- Uncon-
    Altered
  • Describe state of sleep
  • Explain theories on sleep
  • Explain theories on dreaming
  • Describe meditation and hypnosis.
  • Hypnosis Deeply relaxed and highly suggestible
    (Characteristics?) (Uses?)
  • Meditation Controlled consciousness for
    tranquility
  • Identify types and effects of drugs and alcohol

9
Sleep and Dreams
  • Theories
  • Why Sleep? Evolutionary- Recuperative
  • Why at Night? Circadian
  • Stages of Sleep Cycle
  • Awake- Drowsy- I- II- III- IV- REM (V)
  • Different brain waves
  • Dream Theory
  • Cultural, Psychoanalytic, Activation-Synthesis,
    Problem Solving
  • Sleep Disorders
  • Parasomnia vs Dysomnia
  • Insomnia, Narcolepsy, Snoring/Apnea,
    Walking/Talking/ Wetting, Terrors

10
Unit 4 Developmental Psych
  • Objectives
  • Explain how study development
  • Describe Piagets stages of intellectual growth
  • Explain Freuds theory on social dvpt
  • Describe Eriksons theory on identity formation
  • Evaluate Kohlbergs theory on moral dvpt
  • Define and explain adolescence
  • Explain identity according to James Marcia
  • Differentiate between three stages of adulthood

11
Lifespan Development
  • Physical- Cognitive-Social changes that take
    place birth to death
  • Longitudinal, Cross-Sectional, Cross-Sequential
    Studies
  • Milestones
  • Pds of Human Life Span
  • Prenatal dvpt
  • Neonatal equipment
  • Etc
  • Critical Periods
  • Language, Motor (Genie)
  • Cognitive Dvpt
  • Piaget
  • Schemas assimilate/accommodate
  • Sensorimotor
  • Object permanence, stranger anxiety
  • Preoperational
  • Egocentric, no conservation
  • Concrete Operational
  • Conservation, reversible thought, perspective
  • Formal Operational
  • Abstract, Consequence, morality, problem solve,
    hypothesis

12
Lifespan Development
  • Moral Dvpt
  • Kohlbergs Moral Dilemmas
  • Preconventional-
  • Conventional
  • Postconventional
  • Social Dvpt
  • Freud- Psychosexual
  • Oral-Anal-Phallic-Latency-Genital (libido,
    fixation)
  • Defense Mechanisms
  • Social Dvpt
  • Erikson- Psychosocial Crises
  • Trust/Mistrust
  • Autonomy/Shame-Doubt
  • Initiative/Guilt
  • Industry/Inferiority
  • Identity/Confusion
  • Intimacy/Isolation
  • Generativity/Stagnation
  • Integrity/Despair

13
Lifespan Dvpt
  • Adolescence
  • Transition Pd
  • Biological, Cognitive
  • Erikson
  • G. Stanley Hall (storm/stress)
  • Havighursts Tasks
  • Marcia Identity
  • Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, Achieved
  • Baumrind
  • Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive
    Indulgent, Permissive Neglectful
  • Peer Groups Identity
  • Clique, Crowd
  • Sex role, identity
  • Gender, Ethnicity Identity
  • Adulthood
  • Levinson
  • Young-Middle-Late
  • Crisis Transitions
  • Decremental Model of Aging
  • Physical, Mental changes
  • Ageism
  • Death and Dying
  • Kubler-Ross- Thanatologist
  • Awareness Closed, Suspected, Open
  • Stages Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression,
    Acceptance

14
Unit 5 Personality
  • Objectives
  • Define personality
  • Describe personality assessments uses
  • Compare contrast the major theories of
    personality (Personality results from
  • Psychoanalytic- unconscious motives and the
    importance of early childhood experiences
  • Neo-Freudian see above with slight
    modifications
  • Behavioral interaction between the individual
    and the environment
  • Social-Cognitive environmental conditions,
    cognitive factors, and behavior
  • Humanistic inherent desire to reach our true
    potential.
  • Trait - consistent, long-lasting behaviors
    feelings.

15
Personality Tests
  • Personality
  • Unique pattern of thought, feeling, behavior
  • Humors Phrenology Modern Theories
  • Assessments
  • Objective (Self-Report) MMPI-2, 16PF, NEO
  • Projective Rorschach, TAT
  • Test Reliability Validity
  • Uses
  • Diagnose disorders
  • Hiring
  • Research

16
Personality Theories
  • Psychoanalytic
  • Freuds Sexual/Aggressive Urges
  • Id-Ego-Superego
  • Fixation of Libido (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent,
    Genital Stages)
  • Defense Mechanisms
  • Neo-Freudian
  • Jung Collective Unconscious (Archetypes)
  • Horney Security
  • Adler Inferiority Complex Birth Order
  • Erikson Socialization
  • Behavioral
  • Skinner Behavior reinforcement/punishment
  • Social-Cognitive
  • Bandura observation
  • Humanistic
  • Maslow Self-actualization
  • Rogers Self concept (real vs ideal), Fully
    functioning - UPR
  • Trait
  • Cattell 16 dimensions
  • Big 5 - OCEAN

17
Unit 6 Sensation and Perception
  • Objectives
  • Differentiate between the two
  • Sensation is sensory info from environment,
    Perception is how our brain interprets this info
  • Explain thresholds.
  • List and describe the workings of the five basic
    senses.
  • Examine factors which play a role in perception.

18
Sensation
  • Senses
  • Sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing, kinesthetic,
    vestibular
  • Transduction- Energy
  • Psychophysics
  • Thresholds Absolute, Difference (JND- Webers
    Law)
  • Signal Detection Theory
  • Sensory Adaptation
  • Wavelengths
  • Frequency, Amplitude
  • Vision, Hearing
  • Parts of Eye, EarHow they function in vision,
    hearing
  • Remaining senses- why have them, how work,
    damaged?

19
Perception
  • Visual
  • Afterimages
  • Perceptual Organization- Gestalt Laws
  • Perceptual Constancy- Size, Color, Shape
  • Perceptual Illusions- Examples
  • Depth Perception- Binocular, Monocular, Motion
    Cues

20
Unit 7 Learning
  • Objectives
  • Describe components of classical conditioning.
  • Describe components of operant conditioning.
  • Describe social learning theory.

21
Conditioning
  • Classical
  • Pavlov- Behaviors
  • NS- UCS- UCR- CS- CR
  • Principles of CC
  • Acqui- Gen- Discrim- Extinc- Recov
  • Watson- Emotions
  • Baby Albert
  • Fixing
  • Counter- Desensitization- Flooding
  • Operant
  • Skinner
  • Behavior/Consequence
  • (/-) Reinforcement Punishment- Omission
    Training
  • Primary/Secondary Reinforcers
  • Continuous/Partial Reinforcement
  • Ratio- Interval
  • Fixed-Variable
  • Shaping, Chaining

22
Learning cont
  • Seligman
  • Feedback- Transfer- Practice
  • Learned Laziness/Helplessness
  • Observational Learning
  • Bandura
  • Modeling/Social Learn
  • BoBo Doll
  • Attention- Retention- Imitation- Motivation
  • Vicarious Living- Disinhibition- Self-Efficacy

23
Unit 8 Memory
  • Objectives
  • Diagram and explain the memory pathway.
  • Identify types of memories.
  • Explain why we forget.

24
Memory Forgetting
  • Information Processing
  • Input-Central Processing-Output
  • Sensory Memory-
  • Selective Attn- Feature Extraction-
  • STM-
  • Chunking- Rehearsal- Encoding
  • LTM
  • Implicit/Explicit Memory
  • Types Episodic- Declarative- Procedural
  • Org Hierarchy- Schema- Semantic Network
  • Retrieval Recognition- Recall- Relearning
  • Forgetting
  • Serial-Position Effect, Decay Theory,
    Interference Theory, Repression
  • Amnesia
  • Psychogenic Fugue/Amnesia
  • Organic Antero/Retro-grade
  • Improving Memory
  • Mnemonic Devices
  • Rhymes, Acronym, Imagery, Pegword Method, Method
    of Loci
  • Mnemonists, Synesthesia, Eidetic memory, Savants

25
Unit 9 Abnormal Psychology
  • Objectives
  • Define abnormal
  • Explain medical model and DSM
  • Differentiate between the 15 major DSM disorders
  • Explain possible treatments and types of therapy

26
Mental Illness
  • Abnormal
  • Deviation, Maladjustment, Distress
  • Impairs daily functioning
  • Medical Model
  • Diagnose symptoms- Treat
  • DSM-IV
  • Criticisms?
  • Legal Insanity
  • Mental Illness
  • Mood, Anxiety, Somatoform
  • Dissociative, Schizophrenia
  • Personality, Impulse Control
  • Others
  • Treatment
  • In-Out Patient
  • Biomedical (Surgery, Drugs)
  • Psychotherapies (Types)
  • Combined Therapy
  • Therapists Counselors, Settings

27
Perspectives of Disorders
Illness is the result of. Can be treated by
Psycho-analytic Unconscious conflicts over aggressive sexual impulses. Psychotherapy (talking cure)
Behavioral Reinforcement of inappropriate or extinction of appropriate behaviors. Behavior Therapy Apply principles of learning to change/modify behavior
Cognitive Irrational or maladaptive thought processes Cognitive Therapy Change thought processes
Psychosocial Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Medication, Behavioral , Cognitive Therapies
Neurobiology Genetic abnormalities in brain structure biochemistry. Medication
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